Microambiente inmunológico asociado al ovario y su modulación durante el envejecimiento
; Castagnola, Lara ; Schafir, Ana Laura
; Materazzi, Lourdes
; Irigoyen, Marcela Claudia ; Martínez, Gustavo ; Gnocchi, Diego ; Tessari, Lautaro ; Rodríguez, Yanina ; Grasso, Esteban Nicolas
; Gori, María Soledad
; Ramhorst, Rosanna Elizabeth 
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Fecha
07/2025
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Sociedad Argentina de Medicina Reproductiva (SAMeR)
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Reproducción
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2796-7689
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Durante mucho tiempo, la investigación en la biología ovárica se centró en el folículo, la unidad funcional del ovario. Sin embargo, evidencias científicas recientes indican la relevancia de la respuesta inmunológica en la modulación de la función ovárica. En este sentido, se ha propuesto el concepto de “Microambiente Inmunológico Reproductivo” que estudia el microambiente en tejidos asociados a la reproducción, tales como el espacio intersticial de los testículos, el estroma ovárico y el endometrio, y su relación con las células inmunes residentes en los mismos. Particularmente, en el ovario, múltiples evidencias demuestran el rol clave de las células inmunes en la fisiología ovárica. Entre las células presentes, se encuentran los macrófagos, linfocitos T, células dendríticas, células NK y mastocitos, quienes aportan a la regulación inmune, la síntesis de estrógenos y la ovogénesis entre otros procesos. De estas poblaciones inmunes, los macrófagos son de especial interés ya que, por su capacidad de integrar información de los sistemas nervioso, inmune y endocrino junto a su plasticidad funcional y capacidad de secreción de múltiples factores, están involucrados en prácticamente toda la fisiología del ovario. Otro concepto recientemente propuesto es el “inflammaging” que hace referencia a la inflamación asociada a la edad. Esta inflamación es sistémica, crónica y de bajo grado, asociada a un aumento de mediadores proinflamatorios, diferenciándose de la inflamación local aguda que caracteriza a las lesiones o infecciones por patógenos. Además de forma parte del proceso de envejecimiento normal, el inflammaging se lo ha asociado con diversas patologías. En el ovario, distintos reportes relacionan la respuesta inmune inflamatoria y la fibrosis características del envejecimiento ovárico al proceso de inflammaging. En esta actualización discutiremos estos nuevos conceptos del microambiente inmunológico reproductivo y el inflammaging y cómo repercuten en el envejecimiento ovárico afectando la calidad ovocitaria.
For a long time, ovarian research has been focused on the follicle, the functional unit of the ovary. However, recent scientific evidence remarks the relevance of the immune response in ovarian function. In this sense, it has been proposed the concept of “Reproductive Immune Microenvironment” that studies the microenvironment associated with reproductive tissues, such as testicular interstitial spaces, ovarian stroma and the endometrium, and its relationship with the resident immune cells. Particularly in the ovary, multiple evidences prove the key role of the immune cells in the ovarian physiology. Among the present cells we can find macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells and mastocytes, that contribute to the regulation of the immune response, estrogen synthesis and oogenesis among other processes. Of these populations, macrophages are of special interest since, due to their ability to integrate information from the nervous, immune and endocrine systems together with their functional plasticity and ability to secrete multiple factors, results in them being involved in practically all ovarian physiology. Another concept that has recently been proposed is the Inflammaging, which refers to the inflammation associated to aging. This inflammation is systemic, chronic and low-grade associated with an increase in proinflammatory mediators, different from the local acute inflammation due to lesions and infections. Besides being part of the normal aging process, the inflammaging has been associated with different pathologies. In the ovaries, several reports relate the inflammatory response and fibrosis characteristic of ovarian aging with inflammaging. In this work, we discuss these new concepts of reproductive immune microenvironment and inflammaging, and how they impact on ovarian aging as well as in oocyte quality.
For a long time, ovarian research has been focused on the follicle, the functional unit of the ovary. However, recent scientific evidence remarks the relevance of the immune response in ovarian function. In this sense, it has been proposed the concept of “Reproductive Immune Microenvironment” that studies the microenvironment associated with reproductive tissues, such as testicular interstitial spaces, ovarian stroma and the endometrium, and its relationship with the resident immune cells. Particularly in the ovary, multiple evidences prove the key role of the immune cells in the ovarian physiology. Among the present cells we can find macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells and mastocytes, that contribute to the regulation of the immune response, estrogen synthesis and oogenesis among other processes. Of these populations, macrophages are of special interest since, due to their ability to integrate information from the nervous, immune and endocrine systems together with their functional plasticity and ability to secrete multiple factors, results in them being involved in practically all ovarian physiology. Another concept that has recently been proposed is the Inflammaging, which refers to the inflammation associated to aging. This inflammation is systemic, chronic and low-grade associated with an increase in proinflammatory mediators, different from the local acute inflammation due to lesions and infections. Besides being part of the normal aging process, the inflammaging has been associated with different pathologies. In the ovaries, several reports relate the inflammatory response and fibrosis characteristic of ovarian aging with inflammaging. In this work, we discuss these new concepts of reproductive immune microenvironment and inflammaging, and how they impact on ovarian aging as well as in oocyte quality.
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