Agua potable en el extremo sur del Gran Chaco, la consolidación de un palimpsesto hidrosocial, 1930-1960

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Fecha
06/2024
Editorial
Sociedad Latinoamericana y Caribeña de História Ambiental
Revista
Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña
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eISSN
2237-2717
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Español
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Resumen
Este estudio se sumerge en las décadas de 1930 y 1940, cuando las iniciativas de modernización hidráulica, impulsadas por la necesidad de suministro de agua y las ideas higienistas, transformaron radicalmente el paisaje y la estructura socioeconómica en el extremo sur del Gran Chaco, abarcando partes de las provincias de Córdoba, San Luis y La Rioja (Argentina). La "conquista del agua" se convirtió en un componente central de la intervención estatal en la región, generando sistemas de agua corriente gestionados por los gobiernos provinciales y nacionales. Aunque incompleto, este proceso potencio conflictos y desigualdades notables entre áreas beneficiadas y aquellas que apenas experimentaron cambios en el acceso al agua potable. A través de un enfoque hidrosocial y diacrónico que supera las delimitaciones políticas, se exploran las dinámicas territoriales hidrosociales asociadas con el suministro de agua potable y saneamiento. Se analizan las complejas interacciones entre dinámicas hídricas y decisiones humanas, destacando la influencia crucial de la modernización hidráulica impulsada por el Estado nacional. Mediante un análisis historiográfico de fuentes primarias y secundarias, que incluye documentos oficiales, registros demográficos y leyes pertinentes, investigaciones científicas y cartografía se contribuye al entendimiento profundo de la historia ambiental del Gran Chaco. Además, se aportan valiosos insights para futuras políticas de gobernanza del agua en la región y se reflexiona sobre cómo las decisiones políticas y estrategias de poder han influido no solo en las condiciones ambientales, sino también en las persistentes injusticias hídricas en regiones de importancia crítica.
This study delves into the decades of the 1930s and 1940s, when hydraulic modernization initiatives, driven by the need for water supply and hygienic ideas, radically transformed the landscape and socioeconomic structure in the southernmost part of the Gran Chaco, encompassing parts of the provinces of Córdoba, San Luis, and La Rioja (Argentina). The "conquest of water" became a central component of state intervention in the region, giving rise to water systems managed by provincial and national governments. Although incomplete, this process heightened conflicts and notable inequalities between benefited areas and those that barely experienced changes in access to drinking water. Through a hydrosocial and diachronic approach that transcends political boundaries, the study explores the hydrosocial territorial dynamics associated with the supply of drinking water and sanitation. The complex interactions between hydrological dynamics and human decisions are analyzed, highlighting the crucial influence of hydraulic modernization driven by the national government. Through a historiographical analysis of primary and secondary sources, including official documents, demographic records, relevant laws, scientific research, and cartography, the study contributes to a deep understanding of the environmental history of the Gran Chaco. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for future water governance policies in the region and reflects on how political decisions and power strategies have influenced not only environmental conditions but also persistent water injustices in critically important regions.
This study delves into the decades of the 1930s and 1940s, when hydraulic modernization initiatives, driven by the need for water supply and hygienic ideas, radically transformed the landscape and socioeconomic structure in the southernmost part of the Gran Chaco, encompassing parts of the provinces of Córdoba, San Luis, and La Rioja (Argentina). The "conquest of water" became a central component of state intervention in the region, giving rise to water systems managed by provincial and national governments. Although incomplete, this process heightened conflicts and notable inequalities between benefited areas and those that barely experienced changes in access to drinking water. Through a hydrosocial and diachronic approach that transcends political boundaries, the study explores the hydrosocial territorial dynamics associated with the supply of drinking water and sanitation. The complex interactions between hydrological dynamics and human decisions are analyzed, highlighting the crucial influence of hydraulic modernization driven by the national government. Through a historiographical analysis of primary and secondary sources, including official documents, demographic records, relevant laws, scientific research, and cartography, the study contributes to a deep understanding of the environmental history of the Gran Chaco. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for future water governance policies in the region and reflects on how political decisions and power strategies have influenced not only environmental conditions but also persistent water injustices in critically important regions.
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