Guerra, micro imperialismo y prácticas predatorias: Algunas notas sobre la expansión del koinón aqueo helenístico (s. III-II a.C.)

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07/2023
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Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
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Anales de Historia Antigua, Medieval y Moderna
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1853-1555
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El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la naturaleza agresiva y adquisitiva de la expansión helenística aquea por el Peloponeso. Si bien se reconoce el carácter multilateral y horizontal de este proceso histórico, el énfasis aquí se pone en la perspectiva y las acciones aqueas. En este sentido, se reúne tanto la evidencia histórica sobre la violencia, coerción e intimidación contra muchas comunidades del Peloponeso forzadas a entrar en el koinón, como sobre los incentivos materiales e inmateriales para la guerra y la conquista. Se sugiere que el micro imperialismo pareció haber movilizado a grandes sectores de la ciudadanía aquea para ir a la guerra con cierta frecuencia. De todos modos, sobre la cuestión de si el koinón aqueo podría considerarse una forma de estado depredador o benévolo, aquí se sugiere el inconveniente de un razonamientodemasiado restrictivo al respecto. Fases o momentos particulares en la construcción de la relación entre póleis y koinón deben explorarse por separado, y la inicial, o integración, abría una brecha para imponer temporalmente relaciones jerárquicas y extraer recursos de las comunidades locales.
The aim of this paper is to study the aggressive and acquisitive nature of the Hellenistic Achaean expansion through the Peloponnese. Though it is recognised the multilateral and horizontal nature of this historical process, the emphasis here is put on the Achaean perspective and actions. In this sense, both the historical evidence about violence, coercion, and intimidation against many Peloponnesian communities forced into the koinon is gathered together, as well as about material and immaterial incentives to warfare and conquest. It is suggested that micro-imperialism seemed to have mobilized large sections of the Achaean citizenry to go to war regularly. However, regarding the question of whether the Achaean koinon might be considered a form of predatory or benevolent state, the inconvenience of overly restrictive reasoning is suggested here. Particular phases or moments in the construction of the relationship between poleis and koinon should be explored separately, and the initial one, or integration, opened a gap to temporarily impose hierarchical relationships and extract resources from the local communities.
The aim of this paper is to study the aggressive and acquisitive nature of the Hellenistic Achaean expansion through the Peloponnese. Though it is recognised the multilateral and horizontal nature of this historical process, the emphasis here is put on the Achaean perspective and actions. In this sense, both the historical evidence about violence, coercion, and intimidation against many Peloponnesian communities forced into the koinon is gathered together, as well as about material and immaterial incentives to warfare and conquest. It is suggested that micro-imperialism seemed to have mobilized large sections of the Achaean citizenry to go to war regularly. However, regarding the question of whether the Achaean koinon might be considered a form of predatory or benevolent state, the inconvenience of overly restrictive reasoning is suggested here. Particular phases or moments in the construction of the relationship between poleis and koinon should be explored separately, and the initial one, or integration, opened a gap to temporarily impose hierarchical relationships and extract resources from the local communities.
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