Cenozoic trace fossils of the Cruziana, Zoophycos and Nereites ichnofacies from the Fuegian Andes, Argentina
; Carmona, Noelia Beatriz
; Ponce, Juan Jose 
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Fecha
2008-06-30
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Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
Revista
Ameghiniana
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0002-7014
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1851-8044
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Se dan a conocer resultados de estudios sistemáticos, implicancias paleoambientales y diversidad de trazas fósiles del PaleocenoMioceno de los Andes Fueguinos. Se reconocen las icnofacies de Cruziana (Formación Leticia, Eoceno Medio alto), y de Zoophycos y Nereites (sistemas de turbiditas del Eoceno-Mioceno temprano). Las dos últimas icnofacies constituyen las únicas icnoasociaciones marinas profundas del Cenozoico conocidas en la Argentina. La Formación Leticia representa un ciclo transgresivo-regresivo e incluye a Curvolithus, Diplocraterion, Gyrochorte, Rosselia, Patagonichnus, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, Paradictyodora, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Schaubcylindrichnus, Taenidium, y Teichichnus. Los sistemas de turbiditas del Eoceno temprano-Mioceno temprano incluyen a Scolicia, Chondrites, Gyrophyllites, Nereites, Phycodes, Phycosiphon, Phymatoderma, Stelloglyphus, Zoophycos, Ophiomorpha, y grafoglíptidos. Paleodictyon, Helicolithus, Helminthorhaphe, Desmograpton y Megagrapton son típicos grafoglíptidos de la icnosubfacies de Paleodictyon (icnofacies de Nereites ) y se encuentran en turbiditas finas (depósito de lóbulos). Ophiomorpha rudis y O. annulata caracterizan la icnofacies de O. rudis (icnofacies de Nereites), en turbiditas medias a gruesas, con abundante materia vegetal (depósitos arenosos proximales de canales y lóbulos). Scolicia prisca y Nereites isp. son comunes en areniscas finas con ondulitas e intercaladas con pelitas. Zoophycos ispp. domina en fangolitas de talud con deslizamientos sinsedimentarios. Concordantemente con una marcada tendencia de enfriamiento, el Eoceno Medio superiorEoceno Superior registra la máxima icnodiversidad, el Oligoceno basal una caída abrupta en la diversidad y el Mioceno temprano una moderada recuperación de la diversidad. Estos datos no concuerdan con la teoría de aumento de icnodiversidad debido al calentamiento global durante el máximo termal (Paleoceno/Eoceno) del Cenozoico. La especialización trófica desarrollada por los organismos productores de grafoglíptidos y una oligotrofía generalizada ofrecen una mejor explicación para estas tendencias.
. The systematics, paleoenvironmental implications, and diversity of Cenozoic trace fossils from the Fuegian Andes are studied. The relatively complete Paleocene-Miocene stratigraphic column includes ichnoassemblages of the Cruziana (Leticia Formation, late Middle Eocene), Zoophycos and Nereites (Early Eocene-Early Miocene turbidite systems) ichnofacies. The last two ichnoasemblages contain the only known deep marine Cenozoic trace fossils in Argentina. The late Middle Eocene Leticia Formation represents a transgressive-regressive cycle and bears the ichnogenera Curvolithus, Diplocraterion, Gyrochorte, Rosselia, Patagonichnus, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, Paradictyodora, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Schaubcylindrichnus, Taenidium, and Teichichnus. Ichnogenera of the Early Eocene-Early Miocene turbidite systems include Scolicia, Chondrites, Gyrophyllites, Nereites, Phycodes, Phycosiphon, Phymatoderma, Stelloglyphus, Zoophycos, Ophiomorpha and graphoglyptids. Graphoglyptids are dominated by Paleodictyon, Helicolithus, Helminthorhaphe, Desmograpton and Megagrapton. They are recorded in thin-bedded turbidites and mudstones (lobe deposits) and assigned to the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies (Nereites ichnofacies). Ophiomorpha rudis and O. annulata are common at the contact between thick-bedded turbidites and mudstones, with abundant plant fragments. In sandrich, proximal channel-lobe deposits, they characterize the Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies (Nereites ichnofacies). Scolicia prisca and Nereites isp. are common in rippled fine-grained sandstones interbedded with thin mudstones. Zoophycos ispp. are dominant in slope mudstones with synsedimentary slumping. The maximum ichnodiversity is recorded in the late Middle-Late Eocene; which is concomitant with a marked cooling trend. The basal Oligocene displays an abrupt drop in diversity, whereas the Early Miocene shows a moderate diversity. These data do not support the alleged control of increased Eocene ichnodiversity by global warming during the Cenozoic thermal maximum. Specialized food competition, particularly for the graphoglyptid organisms, and generalized oligotrophy seem to offer a better explanation.
. The systematics, paleoenvironmental implications, and diversity of Cenozoic trace fossils from the Fuegian Andes are studied. The relatively complete Paleocene-Miocene stratigraphic column includes ichnoassemblages of the Cruziana (Leticia Formation, late Middle Eocene), Zoophycos and Nereites (Early Eocene-Early Miocene turbidite systems) ichnofacies. The last two ichnoasemblages contain the only known deep marine Cenozoic trace fossils in Argentina. The late Middle Eocene Leticia Formation represents a transgressive-regressive cycle and bears the ichnogenera Curvolithus, Diplocraterion, Gyrochorte, Rosselia, Patagonichnus, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, Paradictyodora, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Schaubcylindrichnus, Taenidium, and Teichichnus. Ichnogenera of the Early Eocene-Early Miocene turbidite systems include Scolicia, Chondrites, Gyrophyllites, Nereites, Phycodes, Phycosiphon, Phymatoderma, Stelloglyphus, Zoophycos, Ophiomorpha and graphoglyptids. Graphoglyptids are dominated by Paleodictyon, Helicolithus, Helminthorhaphe, Desmograpton and Megagrapton. They are recorded in thin-bedded turbidites and mudstones (lobe deposits) and assigned to the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies (Nereites ichnofacies). Ophiomorpha rudis and O. annulata are common at the contact between thick-bedded turbidites and mudstones, with abundant plant fragments. In sandrich, proximal channel-lobe deposits, they characterize the Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies (Nereites ichnofacies). Scolicia prisca and Nereites isp. are common in rippled fine-grained sandstones interbedded with thin mudstones. Zoophycos ispp. are dominant in slope mudstones with synsedimentary slumping. The maximum ichnodiversity is recorded in the late Middle-Late Eocene; which is concomitant with a marked cooling trend. The basal Oligocene displays an abrupt drop in diversity, whereas the Early Miocene shows a moderate diversity. These data do not support the alleged control of increased Eocene ichnodiversity by global warming during the Cenozoic thermal maximum. Specialized food competition, particularly for the graphoglyptid organisms, and generalized oligotrophy seem to offer a better explanation.
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