Neophobia and exploration behavior in urban gulls: The Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus) as a study case

Abstract

Neophobia and exploratory behavior are personality traits through which organisms evaluate and respond to environment changes by adjusting their behavior. The Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) is a generalist seabird that consumes a wide variety of prey. Neophobia levels and exploratory behavior in novel circumstances were analyzed in urban adult (n = 13) and immature (n = 15) Kelp Gulls captured in the landfill of Mar del Plata city. These personality traits were not significantly affected by the age of the bird. Longer feeding latencies were observed in presence of novel objects, and neophobia levels were higher in the presence of a transparent box. The exploratory events were brief and influenced by the physical properties of the objects; gulls favored complex and yellow objects. Higher neophobia levels were associated with a longer time to start the exploration and spending less time investigating the objects. Exposure to an urban environment can modulate the novelty response, partially explaining lack of difference in neophobia levels and exploratory behavior between ages, as well as the apparent absence of intrinsic attraction to unfamiliar objects when not associated with a food source. Furthermore, in relation to complex objects, unfamiliar objects likely offer richer information, driving gulls´ exploratory preference.