Entrenamiento de funciones ejecutivas en niños: Algunas consideraciones metodológicas
; Introzzi, Isabel Maria
; Lipina, Sebastián Javier 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2015
Editorial
Universidad de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Escuela de Becarios
Revista
Anuario de Proyectos e Informes de Becarios de Investigación
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ISSN
1668-7477
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Español
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Resumen
Las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) se definen como procesos mentales de orden superior que intervienen en el control voluntario de pensamientos, conductas y emociones, para el cumplimiento de objetivos individuales. Durante la infancia, estos procesos resultan fundamentales para diferentes habilidades y dominios. Por ello ha surgido el entrenamiento de las FE, definido como un conjunto de procesos destinados a mejorar el funcionamiento ejecutivo. En población infantil sin historia de trastornos del desarrollo, tiene como objetivos generar un impacto positivo en las habilidades en las cuales las FE participan y favorecer su desarrollo. La evidencia sobre el impacto positivo del entrenamiento ejecutivo, plantea la necesidad de analizar su eficacia. Actualmente, en la literatura científica se destacan cuestiones metodológicas que es preciso considerar al momento de decidir si un programa de entrenamiento ejecutivo funciona. En este trabajo se describen algunas de ellas, como el diseño de investigación, el grupo control -activo y pasivo-, las medidas pre y post entrenamiento y el análisis de la trasferencia. Se citan estudios de entrenamiento de FE en niños sin historia de trastornos de desarrollo para ejemplificar dichas cuestiones. El entrenamiento de FE constituye un área relativamente nueva, por lo que resulta importante alentar el desarrollo de estudios que consideren estos aspectos metodológicos y permitan la innovación de sus diseños.
Executive Functions (EF) are high-level mental processes which intervene in voluntary control of thoughts, behaviors and emotions to accomplish individual goals. During childhood, these processes are fundamental for different skills and abilities. Therefore the EF training has emerged. It is a set of processes to improve executive performance. Among infantile population without history of developmental disorders, its goals are to generate a positive impact on skills which the EF takes part in and to promote their development. The evidence of the positive impact of executive training, suggests the necessity of analyzing its effectiveness. Currently, in scientific literature, methodological issues are underlined which must be considered at the time of deciding whether an executive training program works. In this work some of them are described, such as research design, control group –active and passive- pre and post training measures and the analysis of transfer. Studies about EF training in children without history of developmental disorders are mentioned to exemplify these issues. The EF training is a relatively new field, so it is important to encourage the development of studies, which involve these methodological issues and allow the innovation of its designs.
Executive Functions (EF) are high-level mental processes which intervene in voluntary control of thoughts, behaviors and emotions to accomplish individual goals. During childhood, these processes are fundamental for different skills and abilities. Therefore the EF training has emerged. It is a set of processes to improve executive performance. Among infantile population without history of developmental disorders, its goals are to generate a positive impact on skills which the EF takes part in and to promote their development. The evidence of the positive impact of executive training, suggests the necessity of analyzing its effectiveness. Currently, in scientific literature, methodological issues are underlined which must be considered at the time of deciding whether an executive training program works. In this work some of them are described, such as research design, control group –active and passive- pre and post training measures and the analysis of transfer. Studies about EF training in children without history of developmental disorders are mentioned to exemplify these issues. The EF training is a relatively new field, so it is important to encourage the development of studies, which involve these methodological issues and allow the innovation of its designs.
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