El arte del chiéjaus: materialidad y agencias en artefactos ceremoniales pintados del pueblo yagán de Tierra del Fuego
; Butto, Ana Rosa
; Acevedo, Agustín
; Santos da Rosa, Neemias Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2025
Editorial
Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
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Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
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0718-6894
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Español
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Se presenta el análisis sistemático de 12 artefactos de madera con decoración pintada (tabletas, tablas-parante y ramas desbastadas), creados en la década de 1920 por el pueblo yagán de Tierra del Fuego y usados en una ceremonia de iniciación de ambos géneros llamada chiéjaus. Las piezas fueron reunidas por Martin Gusinde en sus trabajos de campo entre 1918 y 1924, y se encuentran en dos instituciones austríacas, el monasterio de Sankt Gabriel (Mödling) y el Weltmuseum Wien (Viena). Su registro se realizó mediante fotografías y una base de datos relacional de múltiples escalas con el propósito de buscar tendencias y contextualizarlos con información etnográfica visual y escrita de la ceremonia. Desde una perspectiva de la materialidad del arte se pudo inferir la existencia de un código visual subyacente a la decoración de los artefactos, la presencia de similitudes con otras formas de arte yagán (pintura corporal, rupestre y mobiliar óseo), y la existencia de huellas de las agencias de los/as productores/as. Los resultados sugieren diferentes niveles de experticia, así como distintos ritmos de trabajo y elecciones de diseño, todo ello enmarcado dentro de un código visual común.
This paper presents a systematic analysis of 12 wooden artifacts with painted decoration (tablets, pillar boards, and scraped branches) created in the 1920s by the Yagan people of Tierra del Fuego and used in an initiation ceremony for both genders called chiéjaus. The artifacts were collected by Martin Gusinde during his fieldwork seasons between the years 1918 and 1924 and are now housed in two Austrian institutions: Sankt Gabriel Monastery (Mödling) and Weltmuseum Wien (Vienna). These objects were recorded using photographs and a multiple-scale relational database to identify trends and contextualize them with visual and written ethnographic information about the ceremony. From a perspective of the materiality of art, we were able to infer the existence of an underlying visual code in the decoration of the artifacts, the presence of similarities with other forms of Yagan art (body painting, rock art, bone portable art), and the existence of traces of the producers’ agency. The results suggest different levels of expertise, as well as distinct work rhythms and design choices, all framed within a common visual code.
This paper presents a systematic analysis of 12 wooden artifacts with painted decoration (tablets, pillar boards, and scraped branches) created in the 1920s by the Yagan people of Tierra del Fuego and used in an initiation ceremony for both genders called chiéjaus. The artifacts were collected by Martin Gusinde during his fieldwork seasons between the years 1918 and 1924 and are now housed in two Austrian institutions: Sankt Gabriel Monastery (Mödling) and Weltmuseum Wien (Vienna). These objects were recorded using photographs and a multiple-scale relational database to identify trends and contextualize them with visual and written ethnographic information about the ceremony. From a perspective of the materiality of art, we were able to infer the existence of an underlying visual code in the decoration of the artifacts, the presence of similarities with other forms of Yagan art (body painting, rock art, bone portable art), and the existence of traces of the producers’ agency. The results suggest different levels of expertise, as well as distinct work rhythms and design choices, all framed within a common visual code.
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