Relaciones genotipo-fenotipo en Hemofilia: Desarrollo de un esquema de análisis molecular para mejorar la atención médica de las familias con Hemofilia

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2019-03-14
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La Hemofilia es una enfermedad clave para estudiar la genética humana. Los objetivos del trabajo son mejorar las herramientas moleculares diagnósticas y aportar al conocimiento de la relación genotipo-fenotipo en Hemofilia A (HA). Para mejorar la determinación del defecto causal, se desarrolló y ajustó un esquema de análisis del F8 y asignación de patogenicidad, que permitió caracterizar el 96% de las familias con HA (n=911 individuos). Se reportó una familia con HA, con una deleción del promotor del F8 (Del2kb): probando severo, madre portadora, tía no-portadora, y abuelo leve (FVIII:C=35%) mostrando un mosaico genético (somático/germinal). Un abordaje qPCR alelo-específico para Del2KB, sobre sangremesodermo/saliva-ectodermo/orina-endodermo, permitió inferir la producción de FVIII en hepatocitos-endodermo (Normal%≈34%) y gónadas-epiblasto (Del2kb%≈60%) del mosaico, en coincidencia con su fenotipo. Estudios caso/control en pacientes HA-severos (n=404) permitió determinar riesgos absolutos de inhibidor distintos del promedio (18%) para los genotipos del F8: -deleciones multi-exónicas (86,9%, P=0,0006), -inversión intrón 22 (24,7%, P=0,0011) y -missense (1,2%, P<0,0001). Estudios en hermanos afectados indicaron factores predisponentes de inhibidor fuera del F8. Estudios sobre genes inmunoreguladores indicaron alto riesgo de inhibidor para la variante CTLA4:p.Thr17Ala (OR=2,11, P=0,0025). Estos hallazgos aportan a mejorar y extender la atención médica del paciente con HA y su familia
Haemophilia is a key disease to study human genetics. The objectives of the work are to improve the molecular diagnostic tools and contribute to the knowledge of the genotype-phenotype relationship in Haemophilia A (HA). To improve the determination of the causal defect, a scheme including F8-analysis and pathogenicity assignment was developed and adjusted, allowing characterization 96% of the families with HA (n=911 individuals). A family with HA and a deletion of the F8-promoter (Del2kb) was reported: a severe proband, a carrier mother, a non-carrier aunt, and a mild grandfather (FVIII:C=35%) showing a combined somatic/germinal mosaicism. An allele-specific qPCR approach for Del2KB, on bloodmesoderm/saliva-ectoderm/urine-endoderm, allowed inferring the production of FVIII in hepatocytes-endoderm (Normal%≈34%) and gonads-epiblast (Del2kb%≈60%) in the mosaic in close coincidence with his phenotype. Case-control studies in HA-severe patients (n=404) allowed determination of absolute inhibitor risks differing from the average (18%) associated with some F8-genotypes: multi-exonic deletions (86.9%, P=0.0006), -intron 22 inversion (24.7%, P=0.0011) and -missense (1.2%, P<0.0001). Studies in affected siblings showed additional inhibitor-predisposing factors. Studies on immunoregulatory genes indicated high inhibitor risks for the variant CTLA4:p.Thr17Ala (OR=2.11, P=0.0025). These findings contribute to improve and extend the medical care of the patient with HA and his family
Haemophilia is a key disease to study human genetics. The objectives of the work are to improve the molecular diagnostic tools and contribute to the knowledge of the genotype-phenotype relationship in Haemophilia A (HA). To improve the determination of the causal defect, a scheme including F8-analysis and pathogenicity assignment was developed and adjusted, allowing characterization 96% of the families with HA (n=911 individuals). A family with HA and a deletion of the F8-promoter (Del2kb) was reported: a severe proband, a carrier mother, a non-carrier aunt, and a mild grandfather (FVIII:C=35%) showing a combined somatic/germinal mosaicism. An allele-specific qPCR approach for Del2KB, on bloodmesoderm/saliva-ectoderm/urine-endoderm, allowed inferring the production of FVIII in hepatocytes-endoderm (Normal%≈34%) and gonads-epiblast (Del2kb%≈60%) in the mosaic in close coincidence with his phenotype. Case-control studies in HA-severe patients (n=404) allowed determination of absolute inhibitor risks differing from the average (18%) associated with some F8-genotypes: multi-exonic deletions (86.9%, P=0.0006), -intron 22 inversion (24.7%, P=0.0011) and -missense (1.2%, P<0.0001). Studies in affected siblings showed additional inhibitor-predisposing factors. Studies on immunoregulatory genes indicated high inhibitor risks for the variant CTLA4:p.Thr17Ala (OR=2.11, P=0.0025). These findings contribute to improve and extend the medical care of the patient with HA and his family
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