Leucemia a células T del adulto crónica: ¿Post-transmisión parenteral del Virus Linfotrópico T humano tipo 1 al nacer?
; Cánepa, Camila
; Ruggieri, Matias
; Halperin, Nora Silvia ; Rojas, Francisca ; Altube, Alejandra ; Lorenzo Cabral, Cecilia ; Deves, Alberto ; Hermine, Olivier ; Biglione, Mirna Marcela 
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11/2016
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Sociedad Argentina de Hematología
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Revista Argentina de Hematología
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2250-8309
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En el mundo existen aproximadamente 20 millones de individuos infectados por el virus linfotrópico T humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1), de los cuales 3 a 5% desarrollarán alguna de las patologías asociadas. La infección por HTLV-1 tiende a encontrarse focalizada endémicamente en regiones geográficas bien definidas, como sucede en el noroeste argentino. El HTLV-1 se trasmite por vía sexual, parenteral y vertical y es el causante de la leucemia/linfoma a células T del adulto (LLCA), una enfermedad linfoproliferativa agresiva que se desarrolla mayoritariamente cuando la infección fue por lactancia prolongada. En áreas de baja prevalencia generalmente se desarrolla en inmigrantes, descendientes o parejas sexuales de individuos provenientes de áreas endémicas. La LLCA se clasifica en aguda, crónica, linfoma y latente. Muy pocos casos han sido diagnosticados post-transfusión sanguínea o post trasplante de órganos. Arribar a un diagnóstico rápido y certero del tipo de LLCA es un desafío que impacta directamente en la supervivencia del individuo. Presentamos el caso de una LLCA crónica que se desarrolló 18 años después de recibir una transfusión sanguínea al nacer en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, ciudad de Sudamérica no endémica para HTLV-1.
Approximately 20 million individuals are infected by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV1) worldwide and 3-5% of them will develop an associated pathology. Areas of extremely high HTLV-1 prevalence as the Northwest region of Argentina are surrounded by areas of middle or very low prevalence. HTLV-1 is transmitted via parenteral, sexual and vertical and causes adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive lymphoproliferative malignancy of peripheral T cells that develops in the majority of cases in individuals who were infected with HTLV-1 by their mothers due to prolonged breastfeeding. In non-endemic areas, ATLL is usually limited to immigrants from endemic regions. ATLL is classified as acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. Very few cases of ATLL have been diagnosed in recipient patients after an organ transplantation or blood transfusion. Achieving an accurate and fast diagnosis of ATLL can be challenging for the direct impact on their life expectancy. We present the case of a delayed onset of a chronic ATLL in an 18-years-old male who was transfused with blood components as a premature newborn in Buenos Aires, a non-endemic city for HTLV-1 infection in South America.
Approximately 20 million individuals are infected by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV1) worldwide and 3-5% of them will develop an associated pathology. Areas of extremely high HTLV-1 prevalence as the Northwest region of Argentina are surrounded by areas of middle or very low prevalence. HTLV-1 is transmitted via parenteral, sexual and vertical and causes adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive lymphoproliferative malignancy of peripheral T cells that develops in the majority of cases in individuals who were infected with HTLV-1 by their mothers due to prolonged breastfeeding. In non-endemic areas, ATLL is usually limited to immigrants from endemic regions. ATLL is classified as acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. Very few cases of ATLL have been diagnosed in recipient patients after an organ transplantation or blood transfusion. Achieving an accurate and fast diagnosis of ATLL can be challenging for the direct impact on their life expectancy. We present the case of a delayed onset of a chronic ATLL in an 18-years-old male who was transfused with blood components as a premature newborn in Buenos Aires, a non-endemic city for HTLV-1 infection in South America.
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