Box-Behnken design in the development of a simple and fast method for the determination of total Arsenic and its species in husked rice (Oryza sativa L.) by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS

Abstract

Riceis a staple crop essential to food security in many countries, includingArgentina, one of the leading producers in Latin America, with an output ofapproximately 1.3 million tons. The Corrientes district stands out as thecountry's leading rice-producing region. However, rice isconsidered one of the primary sources of dietary arsenic (As), as the plant canaccumulate this element in the grain. Arsenic is a toxic element naturallyfound in the Earth's crust and is associated with mutagenic, teratogenic,genotoxic, and neurotoxic effects. This study aimed todevelop a simple, high-throughput analytical method based on high-frequencyultrasound-assisted extraction with diluted nitric acid for determining totalarsenic and its speciation.