The INVASS model, a conceptual framework to depict the invasion of the top-predator fish Cichla ocellaris in a large river floodplain
; Minte Vera, Carolina V. ; Heger, Tina ; Júlio, Horácio F. ; Ponzo, Analia Marilina ; Santos, Luciano N. Otros responsables
Fecha
08/2023
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
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ISSN
0327-5477
eISSN
1667-7838
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Resumen
El cíclido tucunaré, Cichla ocellaris es un pez piscívoro, nativo de la región amazónica e introducido en todo el continente americano, ha provocado impactos adversos en los distintos ensambles de peces nativos. Aplicando el modelo INVASS, un enfoque concebido sobre todo para estructurar el conocimiento sobre invasiones de plantas terrestres, describimos sistemáticamente qué mecanismos son críticos en cada paso de la invasión de C. ocellaris en la llanura de inundación del Alto Paraná (UPRF). A través del Paso 1 de la invasión, se encontró que tanto las introducciones intencionales como los escapes accidentales de las piscifactorías fueron los factores clave para la llegada de C. ocellaris a la UPRF. El cuidado biparental intensivo y la capacidad del invasor de formar cardúmenes agresivos parecen ser los rasgos más favorables que permitieron a C. ocellaris superar el Paso 2 de la invasión. Los múltiples desoves y una larga temporada reproductiva, junto con un crecimiento rápido hasta la madurez reproductiva, contribuyeron en gran medida al establecimiento continuo del invasor en la UPRF, superando así el Paso 3 de la invasión. Dado que los cíclidos del pavo real se vieron favorecidos por los embalses en cascada aguas arriba y experimentaron pocas amenazas en la UPRF, anticipamos que C. ocellaris está cruzando ahora el Paso 4 del proceso de invasión, aumentando de forma considerable el riesgo de que otros sistemas aún conservados —pero también interconectados— sean invadidos.
The peacock cichlid Cichla ocellaris is a piscivorous fish, native to the Amazon region and introduced throughout the Americas, leading to adverse impacts on native fish assemblages. Applying the INVASS model, an approach conceived primarily to structure knowledge on terrestrial plants, we systematically describe which mechanisms are critical at each step of C. ocellaris invasion in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River (UPRF). Through invasion Step 1, it was found that both intentional introductions and accidental escapes from fish farms were the key factors for the arrival of C. ocellaris in the UPRF. Intensive bi-parental care and the invader ability to form aggressive shoals seem to be the most favorable traits that allowed C. ocellaris to surmount invasion Step 2. Multiple spawns and a long reproductive season, coupled with a quick growth to a reproductive maturity largely contributed to the continuous establishment of the invader in the UPRF, overcoming thus invasion Step 3. Since peacock cichlids have been favored by cascading reservoirs upstream and experienced few threats in the UPRF, we anticipated that C. ocellaris is now crossing Step 4 of the invasion process, considerably increasing the risk of other systems still preserved —but also interconnected— being invaded.
The peacock cichlid Cichla ocellaris is a piscivorous fish, native to the Amazon region and introduced throughout the Americas, leading to adverse impacts on native fish assemblages. Applying the INVASS model, an approach conceived primarily to structure knowledge on terrestrial plants, we systematically describe which mechanisms are critical at each step of C. ocellaris invasion in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River (UPRF). Through invasion Step 1, it was found that both intentional introductions and accidental escapes from fish farms were the key factors for the arrival of C. ocellaris in the UPRF. Intensive bi-parental care and the invader ability to form aggressive shoals seem to be the most favorable traits that allowed C. ocellaris to surmount invasion Step 2. Multiple spawns and a long reproductive season, coupled with a quick growth to a reproductive maturity largely contributed to the continuous establishment of the invader in the UPRF, overcoming thus invasion Step 3. Since peacock cichlids have been favored by cascading reservoirs upstream and experienced few threats in the UPRF, we anticipated that C. ocellaris is now crossing Step 4 of the invasion process, considerably increasing the risk of other systems still preserved —but also interconnected— being invaded.
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