¿Leche para todos?: Persistencia de recomendaciones universales frente a diversidad genética poblacional en Jujuy, Argentina
; Garcia, Lorena Claudia 
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04/2026
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Universidad Nacional de Lanús
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Salud Colectiva
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1851-8265
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Las guías alimentarias recomiendan 2-3 porciones diarias de lácteos de manera universal, sin considerar la variación genética poblacional regional. En la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina, la evidencia genética documenta entre el 53% y el 69% de ancestría indígena en la población general, sugiriendo alta prevalencia de hipolactasia primaria. Este ensayo analiza la desconexión entre las políticas nutricionales universales y la composición genética de poblaciones con alta ancestría indígena mediante cuatro ejes analíticos: 1) la hipolactasia como condición mayoritaria mundial (del 65% al 70% de la población global) y las mediaciones culturales en el consumo; 2) las trayectorias históricas de políticas lácteas en América Latina desde mediados del siglo XX, documentando cómo la investigación científica desde los años 1960 identificó prevalencias elevadas de hipolactasia en poblaciones latinoamericanas; 3) las prácticas alimentarias en instituciones de salud y educación de Jujuy, documentando que el rechazo sistemático de leche líquida se conceptualiza como fenómeno cultural-educativo más que fisiológico; y 4) el diseño de políticas públicas nutricionales culturalmente situadas. El análisis evidencia que medio siglo después de que la literatura científica identificara el fenómeno, las políticas argentinas continúan naturalizando el patrón metabólico minoritario europeo como norma universal. Se propone el desarrollo de un suplemento en las guías nacionales para Jujuy que reconozca explícitamente la diversidad genética poblacional y ofrezca múltiples vías para alcanzar requerimientos de calcio, siguiendo el modelo de otras intervenciones de salud pública argentina basadas en prevalencias poblacionales.
Dietary guidelines universally recommend the consumption of 2–3 daily servings of dairy products, without considering regional population-level genetic variation. In the province of Jujuy, Argentina, genetic evidence documents between 53% and 69% Indigenous ancestry in the general population, suggesting a high prevalence of primary hypolactasia. This essay analyzes the disconnection between universal nutritional policies and the genetic composition of populations with high Indigenous ancestry through four analytical axes: 1) hypolactasia as the global majority condition (affecting 65%–70% of the world population) and the cultural mediations surrounding dairy consumption; 2) the historical trajectories of dairy policies in Latin America since the mid-twentieth century, documenting how scientific research since the 1960s identified high prevalences of hypolactasia in Latin American populations; 3) food practices within health and educational institutions in Jujuy, documenting how the systematic rejection of liquid milk is conceptualized as a cultural-educational rather than a physiological phenomenon; and 4) the design of culturally situated public nutritional policies. The analysis shows that, half a century after the scientific literature identified this phenomenon, Argentine policies continue to naturalize the minority European metabolic pattern as a universal norm. The article proposes the development of a supplement to the national dietary guidelines for Jujuy that explicitly acknowledges population genetic diversity and offers multiple pathways to meet calcium requirements, following the model of other Argentine public health interventions based on population prevalences.
Dietary guidelines universally recommend the consumption of 2–3 daily servings of dairy products, without considering regional population-level genetic variation. In the province of Jujuy, Argentina, genetic evidence documents between 53% and 69% Indigenous ancestry in the general population, suggesting a high prevalence of primary hypolactasia. This essay analyzes the disconnection between universal nutritional policies and the genetic composition of populations with high Indigenous ancestry through four analytical axes: 1) hypolactasia as the global majority condition (affecting 65%–70% of the world population) and the cultural mediations surrounding dairy consumption; 2) the historical trajectories of dairy policies in Latin America since the mid-twentieth century, documenting how scientific research since the 1960s identified high prevalences of hypolactasia in Latin American populations; 3) food practices within health and educational institutions in Jujuy, documenting how the systematic rejection of liquid milk is conceptualized as a cultural-educational rather than a physiological phenomenon; and 4) the design of culturally situated public nutritional policies. The analysis shows that, half a century after the scientific literature identified this phenomenon, Argentine policies continue to naturalize the minority European metabolic pattern as a universal norm. The article proposes the development of a supplement to the national dietary guidelines for Jujuy that explicitly acknowledges population genetic diversity and offers multiple pathways to meet calcium requirements, following the model of other Argentine public health interventions based on population prevalences.
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