“Un sujeto ausente, pero tras bastidores”: una relectura crítica de Hegel desde Judith Butler y Gayatri Spivak

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07/2024
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Sociedade Brasileira de Teoria e História da Historiografia
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História da Historiografia
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1983-9928
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En el presente artículo analizo las operaciones críticas que realizan Judith Butler y Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak sobre ciertos planteos de la teoría de la historia de Hegel en dos trabajos de los años ochenta: Sujetos del Deseo. Reflexiones hegelianas en la Francia del siglo XX (Butler, 2012 [1987]) y “Estudios de la Subalternidad. Deconstruyendo la Historiografía” (Spivak, 2008 [1985]). Para hacerlo, parto de la revisión q ue llevan adelante respecto de las nociones hegelianas de deseo, (auto)conciencia y sujeto para luego comprender la reflexión sobre la cuestión del tiempo histórico y los modos de aparición de los sujetos de la “subalternidad” (Spivak) o de la “alteridad” (Butler). El trabajo propone la hipótesis de que en esta relectura crítica las autoras realizan un corrimiento epistemológico, más que una ruptura completa, respecto a los desarrollos teóricos de Hegel. En consecuencia, pueden revisar, historizar y resituar estas nociones sobre la misma plataforma teórica hegeliana y desestructurar sus fundamentos constitutivos.
In this article I analyze the critical operations developed by Judith Butler and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak on certain approaches to Hegel’s theory of history in two works from the 1980s: Subjects of Desire. Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France (Butler, 2012 [1987]) and “Subalternity Studies. Deconstructing Historiography” (Spivak, 2008 [1985]). To do so, I start from the revision they carry out on the notions of desire, (self)consciousness and subject in some passages of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit in order to then understand the reflection on the question of historical time and the modes of appearance of the subjects of “subalternity” (Spivak) or “otherness” (Butler). The paper proposes a hypothesis that postulates that in this critical re-reading the authors make an epistemological shift, rather than a complete break, respect to Hegel’s theoretical developments. Consequently, they are able to revise, historicize and resituate these notions on the same Hegelian theoretical platform and deconstruct their constitutive foundations.
In this article I analyze the critical operations developed by Judith Butler and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak on certain approaches to Hegel’s theory of history in two works from the 1980s: Subjects of Desire. Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France (Butler, 2012 [1987]) and “Subalternity Studies. Deconstructing Historiography” (Spivak, 2008 [1985]). To do so, I start from the revision they carry out on the notions of desire, (self)consciousness and subject in some passages of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit in order to then understand the reflection on the question of historical time and the modes of appearance of the subjects of “subalternity” (Spivak) or “otherness” (Butler). The paper proposes a hypothesis that postulates that in this critical re-reading the authors make an epistemological shift, rather than a complete break, respect to Hegel’s theoretical developments. Consequently, they are able to revise, historicize and resituate these notions on the same Hegelian theoretical platform and deconstruct their constitutive foundations.
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