John Dewey: entre la democracia y la tecnocracia

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Fecha
08/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Revista
Revista Ensayos Pedagógicos
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1659-0104
eISSN
2215-3330
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Español
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Resumen
El objetivo de este ensayo es explorar el aporte democratizador de la propuesta educativa de John Dewey, al tiempo que se examina el debilitamiento político surgido de su pensamiento, derivado de su énfasis en la interacción del individuo con su entorno. La hipótesis central sostiene que la perspectiva educativa de Dewey, al centrarse en un pragmatismo comunicacional e individualista, contribuye a la pérdida de la dimensión histórica-política en la educación. Este desplazamiento se advierte en Dewey a partir de su sostén epistémico en la inmediatez de la interacción sujeto-entorno, en articulación con el auge de una didáctica biopsicologicista y conductual, resultante de la estructuración política de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se pretende mostrar el peligro de borrar la historia al sostener su postura pragmática en la educación y dialogar con sus efectos políticos actuales. Así, se subraya lo híbrido de sus preceptos que oscilan entre democracia e individuación tecnocrática. Por último, se busca presentar otra noción educativa posible, anclada al conocimiento histórico y a la enseñanza con mayores compromisos colectivos y de transformación social.
The aim of this essay is to explore the democratizing contribution of John Dewey’s educational proposal, while also examining the political weakening that emerges in his thought, stemming from his emphasis on the individual’s interaction with their environment. The central hypothesis argues that Dewey’s educational perspective, by focusing on a communicative and individualistic pragmatism, contributes to the erosion of the historical-political dimension of education. This shift is evident in Dewey’s epistemological reliance on the immediacy of the subject-environment interaction, in conjunction with the rise of a biopsychological and behavioral teaching, shaped by the political structures of the second half of the 20th century. The essay aims to highlight the danger of erasing history through the adoption of a pragmatic stance in education and to engage with its current political effects. In this way, it underscores the hybrid nature of Dewey’s principles, which oscillate between democratic aspirations and technocratic individuation. Finally, the essay seeks to present an alternative educational approach, anchored in historical knowledge and teaching, with stronger collective commitments and a focus on social transformation.
The aim of this essay is to explore the democratizing contribution of John Dewey’s educational proposal, while also examining the political weakening that emerges in his thought, stemming from his emphasis on the individual’s interaction with their environment. The central hypothesis argues that Dewey’s educational perspective, by focusing on a communicative and individualistic pragmatism, contributes to the erosion of the historical-political dimension of education. This shift is evident in Dewey’s epistemological reliance on the immediacy of the subject-environment interaction, in conjunction with the rise of a biopsychological and behavioral teaching, shaped by the political structures of the second half of the 20th century. The essay aims to highlight the danger of erasing history through the adoption of a pragmatic stance in education and to engage with its current political effects. In this way, it underscores the hybrid nature of Dewey’s principles, which oscillate between democratic aspirations and technocratic individuation. Finally, the essay seeks to present an alternative educational approach, anchored in historical knowledge and teaching, with stronger collective commitments and a focus on social transformation.
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