Invariancia de la categoría de género en las diferencias conductuales en salud en hipertensos
; Pereyra Girardi, Carolina Iris
; Cofreces, Pedro
; Stefani, Dorina 
Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2016
Editorial
Sociedad Cubana de Administración de Salud
Revista
Revista Cubana de Salud Pública
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0864-3466
eISSN
1561-3127
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Clasificación temática
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Resumen
Introducción: el abordaje de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y sus factores de riesgo -tales como hipertensión arterial- desde una perspectiva de género, está impulsado, entre otros motivos, por el hecho de que, tradicionalmente, estos trastornos fueron estudiados y comprendidos desde un enfoque androcéntrico. Objetivo: analizar la invariancia de la categoría de género como determinante cultural del comportamiento en relación con la salud-enfermedad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-comparativo entre hombres y mujeres hipertensos/as, en relación con su estilo de vida teniendo en cuenta las diferencias halladas en los contratiempos cotidianos experimentados por ellos. Participaron 140 pacientes hipertensos esenciales, adultos, en tratamiento, reclutados de distintos centros de salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, el inventario de contratiempos de la vida cotidiana y el Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Resultados: hombres y mujeres se diferenciaron estadísticamente en varias situaciones de contratiempo cotidiano, donde ellas manifestaron mayor grado de malestar. Estos pacientes se diferenciaron también en las dimensiones del estilo de vida “responsabilidad con la salud” a favor de las mujeres, y “actividad física” a favor de los varones. Conclusiones: se mantienen los patrones tradicionales relacionados con las prescripciones sociales de género basados en los respectivos estereotipos de lo femenino asociado a la expresividad, ternura y alta emocionalidad, y de lo masculino relacionado con la racionalidad y competencia. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de apuntalar a cada grupo en aquellas áreas y comportamientos relacionad0os con la salud, que les son más difíciles de poner en práctica.
Introduction: approach from a gender perspective to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors as hypertension is prompted, among other things, by the fact that these disorders were traditionally studied and understood from an androcentric approach. Objectives: to analyze invariance of the gender category as a cultural determinant of health-disease related behavior. Methods: a critical-comparative study between hypertensive men and women regarding their lifestyle, taking into account the differences experienced in everyday setbacks. The sample was composed by 140 adult patients with essential hypertension under treatment and recruited from different health centers in Buenos Aires (Argentina). They answered a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Inventory of Daily Life Setbacks and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Results: men and women exhibited statistical differences in various situations involving daily setbacks, being women the ones who manifested higher degree of discomfort. There were also differences as to some lifestyle dimensions: "Health responsibility" in favor of women and "Physical activity" in favor of men. Conclusions: certain patterns related to social gender prescriptions, based on traditional stereotypes of femininity associated with expressiveness and emotion whereas masculinity is linked to rationality and competence. These findings reveal the importance of supporting each group in those areas and behaviors related to health that are more difficult for them to put into practice.
Introduction: approach from a gender perspective to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors as hypertension is prompted, among other things, by the fact that these disorders were traditionally studied and understood from an androcentric approach. Objectives: to analyze invariance of the gender category as a cultural determinant of health-disease related behavior. Methods: a critical-comparative study between hypertensive men and women regarding their lifestyle, taking into account the differences experienced in everyday setbacks. The sample was composed by 140 adult patients with essential hypertension under treatment and recruited from different health centers in Buenos Aires (Argentina). They answered a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Inventory of Daily Life Setbacks and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Results: men and women exhibited statistical differences in various situations involving daily setbacks, being women the ones who manifested higher degree of discomfort. There were also differences as to some lifestyle dimensions: "Health responsibility" in favor of women and "Physical activity" in favor of men. Conclusions: certain patterns related to social gender prescriptions, based on traditional stereotypes of femininity associated with expressiveness and emotion whereas masculinity is linked to rationality and competence. These findings reveal the importance of supporting each group in those areas and behaviors related to health that are more difficult for them to put into practice.
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