Least cost path analysis and fluvial navigation of Patagonian hunter-gatherers

Abstract

This paper presents a LCA model of human mobility in mixed landscapes (land and water) for the north Patagonian Andes. For this, we combined participatory mapping and least cost analysis using open-source software. Four scenarios are presented in which the comparative costs of transiting aquatic environments change in an increasing order of difficulty. The results highlight the importance of aquatic transit and navigation for the human occupation of small-scale groups in this sector of Patagonia. The cost routes were validated through hiking and kayaking routes currently in use in the area and show a good fit with the developed model. Path density analysis further enabled the identification of key sectors, sites and preferential trails or corridors within the model. Finally, we discuss and highlight the versatility and robustness of the model by considering human movement strategies and the navigation impact in a regional scale.