O% Trans: interesterificación y fraccionamiento como estrategias tecnológicas
; Carrin, Maria Elena 
Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2014
Editorial
Asociación Argentina para el Progreso de las Ciencias
Revista
Ciencia e Investigación
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1132-0974
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Español
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Resumen
La industria alimentaria necesita disponer de tecnologías y procesos industriales acordes a las exigencias actuales en cuanto a calidad nutricional y cuidado del medio ambiente y que a su vez resulten económicamente convenientes. Desde hace décadas, las grasas sólidas y semisólidas se han producido a partir de la hidrogenación de aceites vegetales, sin embargo en los últimos años se ha demostrado que éstas contienen grandes cantidades de ácidos grasos trans que resultan perjudiciales para la salud del consumidor. En todo el mundo se están tomando medidas dirigidas a limitar el uso de las mismas en la elaboración de productos alimenticios, lo que obliga a buscar alternativas tecnológicas que permitan obtener productos con características físicas y organolépticas similares, pero que resulten saludables. En este artículo se analizan diversas estrategias que han sido objeto de numerosos estudios científicos, haciendo principal hincapié en las más prometedoras: fraccionamiento e interesterificación. Así mismo se muestran algunos de los desarrollos alcanzados en nuestro país por el Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos de PLAPIQUI (UNS- CONICET) en la obtención de grasas 0 % trans mediante un proceso amigable con el medio ambiente, la interesterificación enzimática, empleando como materias primas principales aceites de soja y girasol.
Food industry needs technologies and industrial processes that meet the current demands regarding nutritional quality and environmental care and that are at the same time economically profitable. Over decades, solid and semisolid fats have been produced from hydrogenation of vegetable oils. However, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that hydrogenated vegetable oils contain high contents of trans fatty acids which are harmful for consumer health. Around the world, measures are being taken to reduce their use in food preparation, compelling the scientific community to search for technological alternatives that allow the obtainment of products with similar physical and organoleptic characteristics but healthy for consumers. This article discusses various strategies that have been the subject of numerous scientific studies, focusing particularly on the most promising: fractionation and interesterification. Likewise it shows some of the developments achieved in Argentina by Food Engineering Group of PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET) in obtaining zero trans fats through enzymatic interesterification, a friendly environment process, using as main raw materials soybean and sunflower oils.
Food industry needs technologies and industrial processes that meet the current demands regarding nutritional quality and environmental care and that are at the same time economically profitable. Over decades, solid and semisolid fats have been produced from hydrogenation of vegetable oils. However, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that hydrogenated vegetable oils contain high contents of trans fatty acids which are harmful for consumer health. Around the world, measures are being taken to reduce their use in food preparation, compelling the scientific community to search for technological alternatives that allow the obtainment of products with similar physical and organoleptic characteristics but healthy for consumers. This article discusses various strategies that have been the subject of numerous scientific studies, focusing particularly on the most promising: fractionation and interesterification. Likewise it shows some of the developments achieved in Argentina by Food Engineering Group of PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET) in obtaining zero trans fats through enzymatic interesterification, a friendly environment process, using as main raw materials soybean and sunflower oils.
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