Erupciones freáticas sintectónicas en el campo geotérmico de Tocomar, Salta
; Arnosio, José Marcelo ; Alvarado, G. E. ; Guzman, Silvina Raquel 
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Fecha
03/2005
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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ISSN
0004-4822
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
Se describe una brecha volcaniclástica de edad pleistocena, asociada al campo geotérmico de Tocomar (24°10'S - 66°34'O). Se interpreta su origen a partir de erupciones iniciadas por sobrepresión en un sistema hidrotermal o bien por la interacción entre fluidos hidrotermales y roca de caja recalentada (explosión freática o hidrotermal). Los fragmentos producidos a partir de las explosiones freáticas fueron transportados a través de base surges. En los depósitos resultantes se destacan estructuras deposicionales de dunas, planar beds e impactos balísticos. Se reconocieron algunos cráteres posiblemente relacionados con la erupción, oblongos en planta y con diámetros entre 50 y 100 m. La liberación de energía se desencadenó por dilatación horizontal asociada a una transferencia tectónica entre corrimientos principales de rumbo norte y la zona de falla, provocando fallamiento normal sin-deposicional en el depósito volcaniclástico. Esta interpretación es una evidencia adicional de la actividad tectónica asociada a la zona de falla Calama-Olacapato-El Toro durante el Pleistoceno y del eventual potencial geotérmico de la zona.
Pleistocene volcaniclastic breccias are described closely associated to the Tocomar geothermal field (24°10'S - 66°34'O). The absence of juvenile fragments (pumice and accessory lithics) attests an origin from an eruption developed by 1) an hydrothermal system violently depressurised or 2) by the interaction of hydrothermal fluids with overheated host rock (phreatic to hydro-geothermal explosion). Fragments produced by these phreatic explosions were transported by base surges. Planar bed structures, sand-wave structures and bomb sags are the most common depositional structures. Some pits perhaps related with this eruption were recognized, roughly prolate in shape 50 to 100 m in diameter. The phreatic eruptions were triggered by horizontal dilation associated to a tectonic transference between main Ntrending thrusts and the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault zone. The volcaniclastic deposits shows syn-depositional faulting. This interpretation is an additional evidence of the tectonic activity of the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault in the Pleistocene, reinforcing the geothermal potential of the Tocomar area.
Pleistocene volcaniclastic breccias are described closely associated to the Tocomar geothermal field (24°10'S - 66°34'O). The absence of juvenile fragments (pumice and accessory lithics) attests an origin from an eruption developed by 1) an hydrothermal system violently depressurised or 2) by the interaction of hydrothermal fluids with overheated host rock (phreatic to hydro-geothermal explosion). Fragments produced by these phreatic explosions were transported by base surges. Planar bed structures, sand-wave structures and bomb sags are the most common depositional structures. Some pits perhaps related with this eruption were recognized, roughly prolate in shape 50 to 100 m in diameter. The phreatic eruptions were triggered by horizontal dilation associated to a tectonic transference between main Ntrending thrusts and the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault zone. The volcaniclastic deposits shows syn-depositional faulting. This interpretation is an additional evidence of the tectonic activity of the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault in the Pleistocene, reinforcing the geothermal potential of the Tocomar area.
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