Almidones termoplásticos modificados con anhídrido maleico
; Lopez, Olivia Valeria
; Rosetti, Ana ; Tridico, Virginia ; Pérez, Claudio Javier
; Villar, Marcelo Armando 
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Fecha
07/2024
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria
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Revista de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas
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2796-9444
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Almidón nativo de maíz (NM), de maíz hidrolizado (NH) y de mandioca (M) se modificaron por injerto de anhídrido maleico (MAH) y mezclado reactivo en fundido. Se prepararon mezclas de agua (30 % m/m en base almidón), glicerol (45 % m/m) como plastificante y MAH (1, 2 y 3 % m/m) como agente de funcionalización para luego termoplastificarlas. Los materiales obtenidos se caracterizaron por espectroscopía de infrarrojo con Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) y análisis termogravimétrico (TGA). El grado de sustitución (DS) se determinó por titulación ácido-base. Los materiales modificados con MAH mostraron menores valores de energía de termoplastificación, un aspecto translúcido luego de ser moldeados por termocompresión y un mayor DS para el almidón NM. La caracterización térmica determinó que el almidón NH degrada a una temperatura menor (nitrógeno y aire), y que las muestras obtenidas para el almidón de M presentan mayores valores de entalpía de fusión (H). Además, para todos los almidones, estos valores disminuyen por el agregado de MAH en la mezcla inicial. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos indican que la modificación de almidones de diferente naturaleza con MAH proporciona almidones termoplásticos funcionalizados (MTPS) con DS similares a los reportados por la literatura.
Native corn starch (NM), hydrolyzed corn starch (NH) and cassava starch (M) were chemically modified by grafting maleic anhydride (MA) and reactive melt mixing. The mixtures were prepared by using water (30% w/w based on starch), glycerol (45% w/w) as plasticizer and AM (1, 2 and 3% w/w) as functionalization agents. The materials obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The degree of substitution (DS) was determined by titration by using standard solutions of HCl and Na(OH). The materials obtained showed lower thermoplasticization energy values; a transparent appearance after being molded by thermocompression; and a higher GS for the NM. Results from thermal characterization showed that NH degrades at lower temperatures (in air and in nitrogen), and samples from M starch presented higher values of enthalpy of fusion (ΔH). In addition, ΔH values decrease as MAH increases in the initial mixtures. The preliminary results obtained in this work show that the chemical modification of different starches with MAH allows obtaining functionalized thermoplastic starches (MTPS) with DS values similar to those already reported by literature.
Native corn starch (NM), hydrolyzed corn starch (NH) and cassava starch (M) were chemically modified by grafting maleic anhydride (MA) and reactive melt mixing. The mixtures were prepared by using water (30% w/w based on starch), glycerol (45% w/w) as plasticizer and AM (1, 2 and 3% w/w) as functionalization agents. The materials obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The degree of substitution (DS) was determined by titration by using standard solutions of HCl and Na(OH). The materials obtained showed lower thermoplasticization energy values; a transparent appearance after being molded by thermocompression; and a higher GS for the NM. Results from thermal characterization showed that NH degrades at lower temperatures (in air and in nitrogen), and samples from M starch presented higher values of enthalpy of fusion (ΔH). In addition, ΔH values decrease as MAH increases in the initial mixtures. The preliminary results obtained in this work show that the chemical modification of different starches with MAH allows obtaining functionalized thermoplastic starches (MTPS) with DS values similar to those already reported by literature.
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