“Una nueva clase dirigente”. Los intendentes bonaerenses durante el Proceso de Reorganización Nacional en Argentina
; Kryskowski, Juan Pablo Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2021
Editorial
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Ecuador
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1390-1249
eISSN
1390-8065
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El artículo estudia el reclutamiento de los intendentes municipales de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina (1976-1983). Para ello, analiza empíricamente el perfil de los 406 intendentes que gobernaron los 125 municipios bonaerenses entre el 24 de marzo de 1976 y el 10 de diciembre de 1983, construyendo una base de datos original con fuentes variadas (el Boletín Oficial provincial, documentos reservados, prensa local y nacional, entrevistas, etc.). El trabajo muestra que i) esta elite política bonaerense tuvo características distintivas determinadas por los objetivos políticos y represivos más amplios de la dictadura; ii) durante una primera etapa predominaron los intendentes militares en los municipios considerados prioritarios desde el punto de vista represivo (densamente poblados, industriales, sede de importantes establecimientos educativos y/o dependencias militares); iii) su perfil fue similar al de otras elites políticas contemporáneas: masculino, vinculado con profesiones liberales y ocupaciones propias de los notables locales, y afiliación partidaria propia de la ?dirigencia civil compatible?; iv) atributos como la procedencia civil, las ocupaciones agropecuarias, el ejercicio del cargo en el interior provincial y la experiencia de gestión previa favorecieron la estabilidad de las carreras políticas; y v) finalmente, que a pesar de que la creación de una nueva clase dirigente fue un objetivo clave de la dictadura, sólo unos pocos intendentes bonaerenses se perpetuaron en democracia.
This article describes the recruitment process of Buenos Aires province mayors during the last military dictatorship in Argentina. The profile of the 406 mayors that ruled over 125 towns in the province between March 24 1976 and December 10 1983 is empirically analyzed. This research led to the creation of an original database, which draws from a variety of sources (“Boletin Oficial Provincial”, classified documents, local and national press, interviews). The inquiry led to the following findings: i) this political elite had distinctive features, linked to the wider political and repressive goals of the dictatorship; ii) In a first period a majority of military mayors were appointed in towns considered as a “priority” for repression(densely populated, industrial, seat of important educational institutions or military facilities); iii) the profile of most of these officials was similar to that of other contemporary elites: male, professional, engaged in occupations typical of local public figures and with party affiliations characteristic of “compatible civilian leadership”; iv) the stability of their political careers was favored by traits such as a civilian background, landownership, previous experience in provincial civil service and prior political experience; and v) although the creation of a new ruling class was among the primary goals of the dictatorship, only a few of the Buenos Aires province mayors were able to secure their political survival upon the return of democratic rule.
This article describes the recruitment process of Buenos Aires province mayors during the last military dictatorship in Argentina. The profile of the 406 mayors that ruled over 125 towns in the province between March 24 1976 and December 10 1983 is empirically analyzed. This research led to the creation of an original database, which draws from a variety of sources (“Boletin Oficial Provincial”, classified documents, local and national press, interviews). The inquiry led to the following findings: i) this political elite had distinctive features, linked to the wider political and repressive goals of the dictatorship; ii) In a first period a majority of military mayors were appointed in towns considered as a “priority” for repression(densely populated, industrial, seat of important educational institutions or military facilities); iii) the profile of most of these officials was similar to that of other contemporary elites: male, professional, engaged in occupations typical of local public figures and with party affiliations characteristic of “compatible civilian leadership”; iv) the stability of their political careers was favored by traits such as a civilian background, landownership, previous experience in provincial civil service and prior political experience; and v) although the creation of a new ruling class was among the primary goals of the dictatorship, only a few of the Buenos Aires province mayors were able to secure their political survival upon the return of democratic rule.
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