Alteración térmica de artefactos líticos durante el Holoceno medio: Análisis de los conjuntos de Casa del Minero 1, Meseta Central de Santa Cruz

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Fecha
10/2023
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Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo
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Mundo de Antes
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2362-325X
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En este trabajo analizo los conjuntos líticos termoalterados de la unidad 3 superior de Casa del Minero 1 (Santa Cruz, Argentina), correspondiente al Holoceno medio. Investigo si se aplicó tratamiento térmico durante talla lítica y comparo los hallazgos con aquellos de los componentes finipleistocénicos del sitio. También estudio si otros procesos termoalteraron los conjuntos. Para ello, analizo la ubicación de los indicadores de termoalteración dentro de cada pieza, las características tecnomorfológicas de los artefactos y su distribución en la cueva.Los resultados indican que se aplicó el tratamiento térmico previo al retoque, durante la formatización final de instrumentos. Este procedimiento tendría características distintas a lo registrado para los componentes finipleistocénicos en términos de tipo de materia prima empleada y secuencias operativas en las cuales se implementó, con un uso menos frecuente que en momentos previos. Por otro lado, un grupo de artefactos pudo dañarse térmicamente por la acción de fuegos encendidos con posterioridad a la ocupación o bien por la caída accidental en fogones. No obstante, distintos procesos postdepositacionales habrían alterado la distribución de los restos y/o la conservación de las estructuras de combustión.
In this paper I study the thermally modified lithic assemblages from stratigraphic unit Upper 3, Casa del Minero 1 site (Santa Cruz, Argentina) which dates to the middle Holocene. I analyze if heat treatment was applied during flintknapping, and I compare the results with those obtained from the final Pleistocene layers of the site. I also study if other thermal processes have altered the assemblages. To achieve these goals, I analyze the location of thermal alteration traits within each artifact, the techno-morphological characteristics of the archaeological remains and their distribution within the cave. Results show that heat treatment was applied during the final shaping of tools, before retouch. This procedure had different characteristics to what has been recorded for the final Pleistocene layers, in terms of the kind of raw material used and the chaine operatoire in which it was applied. Furthermore, the use of heat treatment was less frequent during the middle Holocene. Apart from that, a group of artifacts could have become thermally damaged due to the action of fires lit after the occupation or else due to the accidental fall of lithics inside the hearths. However, different post-depositional processes might have modified the distribution of the remains and/or the conservation of the combustion structures.
In this paper I study the thermally modified lithic assemblages from stratigraphic unit Upper 3, Casa del Minero 1 site (Santa Cruz, Argentina) which dates to the middle Holocene. I analyze if heat treatment was applied during flintknapping, and I compare the results with those obtained from the final Pleistocene layers of the site. I also study if other thermal processes have altered the assemblages. To achieve these goals, I analyze the location of thermal alteration traits within each artifact, the techno-morphological characteristics of the archaeological remains and their distribution within the cave. Results show that heat treatment was applied during the final shaping of tools, before retouch. This procedure had different characteristics to what has been recorded for the final Pleistocene layers, in terms of the kind of raw material used and the chaine operatoire in which it was applied. Furthermore, the use of heat treatment was less frequent during the middle Holocene. Apart from that, a group of artifacts could have become thermally damaged due to the action of fires lit after the occupation or else due to the accidental fall of lithics inside the hearths. However, different post-depositional processes might have modified the distribution of the remains and/or the conservation of the combustion structures.
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