Evaluación del efecto de la aplicación de un herbicida sobre algunos parámetros químico-fisiológicos determinados en Usnea amblyoclada (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.

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Fecha
12/2011
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
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ISSN
0327-5477
eISSN
1667-782X
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Español
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La difusión del empleo de glifosato como herbicida para el control de malezas,<br />principalmente en cultivos de soja transgénica, puede provocar alteraciones biológicas y ecológicas al ecosistema. Con el fin de estimar el efecto de este herbicida sobre la flora liquénica se empleó la especie Usnea amblyoclada (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr como biomonitor “in situ”. Se trasplantaron muestras de este liquen a un campo de cultivo de soja y a una zona control y durante tres meses se determinaron parámetros fisiológicos indicadores de daño. En otro ensayo se evaluó, en condiciones controladas, el efecto de distintas dosis de herbicida sobre la fisiología del liquen. Los resultados del experimento a campo mostraron que la aplicación de glifosato produjo una disminución significativa de los pigmentos fotosintéticos. Se observó una disminución significativa de los contenidos de feofitina ‘a’ y ‘b’ y un aumento en las concentraciones de los productos de oxidaciones de membranas celulares. Los resultados obtenidos en condiciones controladas fueron similares, por lo que se comprueba el efecto perjudicial del glifosato sobre U. amblyoclada y se pone de manifiesto la utilidad de esta especie como biomonitor de zonas agrícolas.
The expansion in the use of glyphosate as herbicide in order to control weeds, mainly in transgenic soybean cultivation, causes biological and ecological deterioration in the ecosystem. The species U. amblyoclada has been used as biomonitor "in situ", in order to estimate this herbicide´s effect in the lichenic flora. Thus, the samples were transplanted during a 3-month period in a soybean field and in a control area. After that, physiological parameters indicating lichenic damage were established. Furthermore, the effect of different herbicide doses on the lichen’s physiology was tested in the laboratory. The results showed a meaningful decrease in the photosynthetic pigments after the fumigation with glyphosate. A significant decrease of the contents was observed of feofitina ‘a’ and ‘b’ and, in addition, an increase in the concentrations of the products of oxidations of cellular membranes. These results were observed also in the experiments in laboratory. In this way, the damaging effects of glyphosate on the lichen U. amblyoclada and the usefulness of this species as biomonitor in agricultural areas were demonstrated.
The expansion in the use of glyphosate as herbicide in order to control weeds, mainly in transgenic soybean cultivation, causes biological and ecological deterioration in the ecosystem. The species U. amblyoclada has been used as biomonitor "in situ", in order to estimate this herbicide´s effect in the lichenic flora. Thus, the samples were transplanted during a 3-month period in a soybean field and in a control area. After that, physiological parameters indicating lichenic damage were established. Furthermore, the effect of different herbicide doses on the lichen’s physiology was tested in the laboratory. The results showed a meaningful decrease in the photosynthetic pigments after the fumigation with glyphosate. A significant decrease of the contents was observed of feofitina ‘a’ and ‘b’ and, in addition, an increase in the concentrations of the products of oxidations of cellular membranes. These results were observed also in the experiments in laboratory. In this way, the damaging effects of glyphosate on the lichen U. amblyoclada and the usefulness of this species as biomonitor in agricultural areas were demonstrated.
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