Allelic interactions defining Raphanus raphanistrum AHAS resistance level: strong vs weak target‐site AHAS resistance alleles

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chlorsulfuron resistance and genetic dominance was evaluated in Raphanus raphanistrum genotypes homozygous (122-RR, 376-RR), heterozygous (122-RS, 376-RS) and compound heterozygous (122-R/376-R) for the target-site resistance mutations Ala-122-Tyr and Asp-376-Glu in the AHAS (acetohydroxyacid synthase) gene. RESULTS: At the AHAS level, 122-RR and 122-RS plants exhibited significantly higher I50 values than 376-RR and 376-RS plants, respectively. However, plants of the compound heterozygous genotype (122-R/376-R), showed no difference in AHAS activity compared to the 122-RS genotype but lower activity than the 122-RR genotype, and showed a nearly 400-fold greater I50 value than both genotypes (376-RR and 376-RS) carrying the 376-Glu allele. At the whole-plant level, 100% survival was observed for 122-RR plants at the highest chlorsulfuron dose of 640 g ha−1 , yet 376-RR plants showed no survival at 380 g ha−1 . Thus, this survival difference resulted in different median lethal dose (LD50) estimates [>640 (122-RR) versus 330 g ha−1 (376-RR)]. The effect of chlorsulfuron in reducing aboveground growth of surviving plants also was markedly lower for the homozygous 122-RR (GR50 = 566 g ha−1 ) than for 376-RR plants (GR50 = 66). Heterozygous plants carrying the 122-Tyr allele (122-RS) exhibited two- and five-fold higher LD50 values than both homozygous and heterozygous plants carrying the 376-Glu allele (376-RR, 376-RS), respectively. Along the difference in plant survival, 122-RS plants also showed four-fold higher GR50 than both 376-RR and 376-RS plants. Survival of plants with the compound heterozygous genotype (122-R/376-R) under increasing chlorsulfuron doses was similar to 122-RR or 122-RS genotypes. However, this compound heterozygous genotype showed two- and six-fold higher LD50 values than 376-RR or 376-RS genotypes, respectively. However, both resistance 122-Tyr and 376-Glu alleles were dominant or nearly dominant over the wild-type susceptible alleles (ALA-122 and ASP-376), and the resistance 122-Tyr allele was dominant over the 376-Glu allele. CONCLUSIONS: These results broaden our understanding of AHAS target-site resistance in R. raphanistrum and strengthens the hypothesis that the AHAS 122-Tyr allele corresponds to a stronger target-site resistance allele than the 376-Glu allele.