Impacto de los usos de la tierra sobre el almacenamiento de carbono orgánico del suelo en el noroeste del Chaco Seco

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05/2026
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología
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Ecología Austral
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0327-5477
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1. El stock de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) es un indicador de la calidad y salud del suelo. Su dinámica tiene un papel significativo en el balance global de las emisiones de gases con efecto invernadero (GEI). Los cambios en el uso de la tierra y la intensificación productiva en la región del Chaco Seco disminuyen el COS. 2. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el efecto de los diferentes usos y texturas del suelo sobre el almacenaje de COS en el Chaco Seco. Considerando la metodología de masa equivalente, se compararon tres sistemas de producción: agricultura extensiva, pasturas implantadas y bosque con ganadería. Los datos se obtuvieron de muestras de suelo de las profundidades 0-10 cm y 10-30 cm por uso y textura. 3. Los resultados indicaron que no existen diferencias significativas en el COS entre los usos evaluados, pero sí las hay entre las texturas, lo que evidencia que las características edáficas, la variabilidad ambiental y el manejo de cada parcela tienen un papel significativo en las reservas de COS. 4. El suelo se compacta y aumenta su densidad aparente cuando se realiza el desmonte. Esta situación no se presenta en el caso del uso de bosque con ganadería que, si bien no está sujeto al desmonte, muestra susceptibilidad a la desertificación y pérdidas en las reservas de COS, especialmente en suelos de textura gruesa.5. Se destaca el almacenaje de COS en texturas finas para el uso de pasturas implantadas. 6. Implicancias. Se remarca el potencial de los usos del suelo de agricultura extensiva y bosque con ganadería para secuestrar carbono en texturas finas a partir de manejos sustentables. La variabilidad edáfica y ambiental debe ser considerada en futuras estrategias de monitoreo y gestión del COS en la región.
1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock is an indicator of soil quality and health. Its dynamics play a significant role in the global balance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Changes in land use and increased production intensity in the Dry Chaco region decrease SOC. 2. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different land uses and soil textures on SOC storage in the Dry Chaco. Using the equivalent mass methodology, three production systems were compared: extensive agriculture, planted pastures, and forest with livestock. Data were obtained from soil samples taken at depths of 0–10 cm and 10-30 cm for each land use and texture. 3. The results showed no significant differences in SOC among the evaluated land uses; however, significant differences were observed across soil textures, suggesting that soil characteristics, environmental variability, and plot-level management play a significant role in SOC reserves. 4. Soil compaction and increased bulk density occur after deforestation. This situation does not occur in forest-livestock use (i.e., forest with livestock) , which, although not subject to deforestation, is susceptible to desertification and SOC loss, especially in coarse-textured soils. 5. The storage of SOC in fine-textured soils under planted pastures is noteworthy. 6. Implications. The potential of extensive agriculture and forest-livestock land uses to sequester carbon in finetextured soils through sustainable management practices is highlighted. Edaphic and environmental variability must be considered in future monitoring and management strategies for SOC in the region.
1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock is an indicator of soil quality and health. Its dynamics play a significant role in the global balance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Changes in land use and increased production intensity in the Dry Chaco region decrease SOC. 2. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different land uses and soil textures on SOC storage in the Dry Chaco. Using the equivalent mass methodology, three production systems were compared: extensive agriculture, planted pastures, and forest with livestock. Data were obtained from soil samples taken at depths of 0–10 cm and 10-30 cm for each land use and texture. 3. The results showed no significant differences in SOC among the evaluated land uses; however, significant differences were observed across soil textures, suggesting that soil characteristics, environmental variability, and plot-level management play a significant role in SOC reserves. 4. Soil compaction and increased bulk density occur after deforestation. This situation does not occur in forest-livestock use (i.e., forest with livestock) , which, although not subject to deforestation, is susceptible to desertification and SOC loss, especially in coarse-textured soils. 5. The storage of SOC in fine-textured soils under planted pastures is noteworthy. 6. Implications. The potential of extensive agriculture and forest-livestock land uses to sequester carbon in finetextured soils through sustainable management practices is highlighted. Edaphic and environmental variability must be considered in future monitoring and management strategies for SOC in the region.
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