Sociedad, guerra de Malvinas y “transición democrática”: Lo político y la política en Neuquén (Argentina) durante el conflicto bélico

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Fecha
12/2025
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Universidade Federal do Paraná
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História Questoes e Debates
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0100-6932
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La investigación tiene como objetivo repensar una imagen muy difundida y cristalizada, que incluso ha permeado la historiografía argentina: aquella que concibe a la guerra de Malvinas como un momento de total excepcionalidad en las relaciones entre la sociedad civil y la última dictadura militar. Esa interpretación se centra en las múltiples muestras de apoyo al desembarco en las islas por parte de diversos actores sociales, lo que habría producido un reencuentro total y sin fisuras entre la sociedad y el régimen. En esta mirada, la guerra de Malvinas aparece como un momento disruptivo, que se diferencia del incremento de la protesta antes de la guerra y de la explosión social tras la derrota argentina. La guerra de Malvinas, entonces, aparece disociada de la “transición democrática”. El artículo procura reintegrar la guerra de Malvinas a su coyuntura y pensar las continuidades y rupturas del momento bélico con el periodo de pre y posguerra, específicamente en lo que hace a la dimensión política. En concreto, aborda esa problemática en -y desde- Neuquén (una ciudad de la Norpatagonia argentina), focalizándose en el accionar político y público que desplegaron los integrantes de los partidos mayoritarios durante el conflicto bélico: las dirigencias partidarias y los jóvenes militantes del Movimiento Popular Neuquino, la Unión Cívica Radical y el Movimiento Nacional Justicialista. Las fuentes en las que se basa son principalmente la prensa regional, y, en segundo lugar, testimonios orales y documentos de las organizaciones.
The research aims to rethink a very widespread and crystallized image, which has permeated even Argentine historiography: the one that conceives the Malvinas war as a moment of total exceptionality in the relations between civil society and the last military dictatorship. This interpretation focuses on the multiple demonstrations of support for the landing on the islands by various social actors, which has produced a total and seamless reunion between society and the regime. From this vision, the Malvinas war appears as a disruptive moment, which differs from the increase in protests before the war and the social explosion after the defeat. The Malvinas war, then, appears dissociated from the “democratic transition”. The paper attempts to reintegrate the Malvinas war into its context and think about the continuities and ruptures of the war moment with the pre- and post-war period, specifically with regard to the political dimension. Specifically, it addresses this problem in -and from- Neuquén (a city in North Patagonia, Argentina), focusing on the political and public actions carried out by the members of the majority parties during the war: the party leaders and the young militants of the Movimiento Popular Neuquino, the Unión Cívica Radical and the Movimiento Nacional Justicialista. The sources on which it is based are mainly the regional press, and, secondly, oral testimonies and documents from the organizations.
The research aims to rethink a very widespread and crystallized image, which has permeated even Argentine historiography: the one that conceives the Malvinas war as a moment of total exceptionality in the relations between civil society and the last military dictatorship. This interpretation focuses on the multiple demonstrations of support for the landing on the islands by various social actors, which has produced a total and seamless reunion between society and the regime. From this vision, the Malvinas war appears as a disruptive moment, which differs from the increase in protests before the war and the social explosion after the defeat. The Malvinas war, then, appears dissociated from the “democratic transition”. The paper attempts to reintegrate the Malvinas war into its context and think about the continuities and ruptures of the war moment with the pre- and post-war period, specifically with regard to the political dimension. Specifically, it addresses this problem in -and from- Neuquén (a city in North Patagonia, Argentina), focusing on the political and public actions carried out by the members of the majority parties during the war: the party leaders and the young militants of the Movimiento Popular Neuquino, the Unión Cívica Radical and the Movimiento Nacional Justicialista. The sources on which it is based are mainly the regional press, and, secondly, oral testimonies and documents from the organizations.
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