Aportes neurocientíficos sobre interocepción cardíaca, emociones y redes insulares
; Ibañez, Agustin Mariano 
Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2013
Editorial
Asociación Latinoamericana de Neuropsicología
Revista
Neuropsicología, Neuropsiquiatría y Neurociencias
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0124-1265
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Resumen
El estudio de la Ínsula de Reil, ha cobrado un reciente interés por la que fuera un área cerebral poco mencionada en la neurociencia cognitiva moderna. Sucesivas revisiones de trabajos de campos diversos como estudios clínicos, modelos experimentales, y neuroimágenes, han revelado la participación de la ínsula en múltiples tareas cognitivas, afectivas y perceptuales. Un posible marco teórico integrador de estos variados procesos, es la interocepción o censado del estado homeostático y visceral. El procesamiento insular y su comunicación a áreas homólogas motrices como la corteza cingulada anterior (CCA), desencadenaría y regularía comportamientos que entrañan un contenido afectivo-emocional esencial para el mantenimiento de la consciencia corporal a nivel individual. En este artículo, se analiza evidencia que involucra a la interocepción y al procesamiento insular integrativo en el surgimiento de estados emocionales conscientes haciendo especial énfasis en el papel de los estudios de lesiones y el uso de técnicas de conectividad funcional en resonancia magnética funcional (RMf). Además, se revisa la conceptualización de la interocepción cardíaca, su estudio a través de la evaluación de pacientes con patología cerebral vascular isquémica y patología cardíaca en el marco de los de las interacciones corazón-cerebro, nuevo campo de estudio de las neurociencias.
The insula of Reil has recently became an interesting research topic, in despite of its few mention in modern cognitive neuroscience. Several studies in different areas like clinical reports, experimental models and neuroimaging have revealed the role of the insula in cognitive, emotional and visceral perception tasks. In this article, we revise different studies in patients with stroke and cardiac disease regarding cardiac interoception. Particularly, it has been suggested that the insular processing through its connections with the anterior cingulate cortex is required for the representation of the visceral state of the body and critical for the emerging of emotional awareness. Furthermore, evidence from different methodologies such as lesion studies and functional connectivity analysis of magnetic resonance imaging support those hypotheses. We conclude that the understanding of this new field of research in neuroscience, the heart-brain relationships, would highly benefit from the study of insular integration and the arise of conscious emotional states while make emphasis on the convergent use of lesion and functional neuroimaging approaches as a powerful research strategy.
The insula of Reil has recently became an interesting research topic, in despite of its few mention in modern cognitive neuroscience. Several studies in different areas like clinical reports, experimental models and neuroimaging have revealed the role of the insula in cognitive, emotional and visceral perception tasks. In this article, we revise different studies in patients with stroke and cardiac disease regarding cardiac interoception. Particularly, it has been suggested that the insular processing through its connections with the anterior cingulate cortex is required for the representation of the visceral state of the body and critical for the emerging of emotional awareness. Furthermore, evidence from different methodologies such as lesion studies and functional connectivity analysis of magnetic resonance imaging support those hypotheses. We conclude that the understanding of this new field of research in neuroscience, the heart-brain relationships, would highly benefit from the study of insular integration and the arise of conscious emotional states while make emphasis on the convergent use of lesion and functional neuroimaging approaches as a powerful research strategy.
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