La leche, nuestro primer alimento: composición y generalidades sobre su producción
; Ortiz, Cristian Matias
; Taladriz, Ramiro ; Pintos, Federico Martin
; Darré, Magalí
; Casajús, Victoria
; Ferreyra, Leonel Gustavo ; de Luca, Sebastián Eugenio ; Carboni, Angela Daniela
; Artiñano, Eduardo Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Asociación Química Argentina
Revista
Industria y Química
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0368-0819
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La leche es nuestro primer alimento por excelencia. Ha sido empleada por el hombre por más de 7.000 años. Se trata sin dudas de un producto muy completo en términos nutricionales, destacándose su nivel y biodisponibilidad de calcio y de algunas vitaminas, especialmente aquellas del grupo B. Posee componentes muy particulares como la lactosa, las caseínas y triglicéridos muy ricos en ácidos grasos de cadena corta (butírico, caproico, caprílico, y cáprico). Numerosos factores afectan la composición de la leche, entre ellos la especie, la raza, el estado corporal del individuo, el momento de la lactancia, la época del año, la edad, la alimentación, el estado sanitario y el momento del ordeñe. El precio de la leche a nivel del productor se define por aspectos composicionales (proteína y materia grasa), higiénicos (recuento de bacterias aerobias mesófilas) y sanitarios (recuento de células somáticas y ausencia de zoonosis como la tuberculosis y brucelosis). La producción láctea Argentina asciende a cerca de 10.590 millones de litros por año. Más del 98% corresponde a leche de vaca obtenida en unos 10 mil tambos. En los últimos años el consumo de leche ha descendido en forma notable (de 230 a cerca de 156 litros por habitante por año), aunque en Argentina aún se mantiene en un nivel elevado comparado con muchos países del mundo. Argentina es considerada un país quesero ya que el 50% del volumen total de leche producido se destina a la elaboración de este producto. El cuarenta por ciento se dedica a la producción de leche fluida, yogur y leche en polvo, y el resto se utiliza para obtener otros productos como nuestro muy apreciado “dulce de leche”.
Milk is our primary food par excellence. It has been used by humans for over 7,000 years. It is undoubtedly a very complete food in nutritional terms, notable for its level and bioavailability of calcium and some vitamins, especially those of the B group. It has some very specific components such as lactose, caseins, and triglycerides very rich in short-chain fatty acids (butyric, caproic, caprylic, and capric). Numerous factors affect the composition of milk, including the species, breed, individual body condition, stage of lactation, time of year, age, diet, health status, and time of milking. The price of milk at the producer level is determined by compositional factors (protein and fat content), hygiene (low mesophilic aerobic bacteria count), and health (low somatic cell count and absence of zoonoses such as tuberculosis and brucellosis). Argentine dairy production amounts to approximately 10 billion liters per year. Moreover 98% of this corresponds to cow's milk obtained from approximately 10,000 dairy farms Although in recent years milk consumption has decreased significantly (from 230 to 156 liters per inhabitant per year), Argentina remains a country with a high consumption of dairy products compared to many other countries. Argentina is considered a cheese-producing country, as 50% of the total milk volume produced is used for cheesemaking. Forty percent is dedicated to the production of fluid milk, yogurt, and powdered milk, and the remainder is used to obtain other products such as our highly prized “dulce de leche”.
Milk is our primary food par excellence. It has been used by humans for over 7,000 years. It is undoubtedly a very complete food in nutritional terms, notable for its level and bioavailability of calcium and some vitamins, especially those of the B group. It has some very specific components such as lactose, caseins, and triglycerides very rich in short-chain fatty acids (butyric, caproic, caprylic, and capric). Numerous factors affect the composition of milk, including the species, breed, individual body condition, stage of lactation, time of year, age, diet, health status, and time of milking. The price of milk at the producer level is determined by compositional factors (protein and fat content), hygiene (low mesophilic aerobic bacteria count), and health (low somatic cell count and absence of zoonoses such as tuberculosis and brucellosis). Argentine dairy production amounts to approximately 10 billion liters per year. Moreover 98% of this corresponds to cow's milk obtained from approximately 10,000 dairy farms Although in recent years milk consumption has decreased significantly (from 230 to 156 liters per inhabitant per year), Argentina remains a country with a high consumption of dairy products compared to many other countries. Argentina is considered a cheese-producing country, as 50% of the total milk volume produced is used for cheesemaking. Forty percent is dedicated to the production of fluid milk, yogurt, and powdered milk, and the remainder is used to obtain other products such as our highly prized “dulce de leche”.
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