Cultura católica y política en el período de entreguerras, mito, taxonomía y disidencia

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Fecha
12/2016
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Centro de Historia Argentina y Americana
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Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina
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2314-257X
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Resumen
¿Existe una cultura política católica? A lo largo del siglo XX los laicos y la jerarquía eclesiástica se asociaron a distintas ideologías. Podemos encontrar reformistas católicos en el gobierno de Roque Sáenz Peña (1910-1914), nacionalistas de distintas vertientes en los años treinta, antifascistas durante la Segunda Guerra mundial, católicos peronistas y antiperonistas, y liberacionistas en los convulsionados sesentas y setentas. A este enmarañado cuadro debemos sumarle las relaciones que se establecieron entre religión y cultura, es decir, las formas en las que ambas esferas se rechazaron y se atrajeron, se adaptaron y se combatieron. Si bien se han postulado hipótesis que enfatizan la continuidad de matrices de comportamiento el integralismo, el mito de la nación católica, el concepto de cultura política resulta más pertinente para sobrevolar las fronteras estrictamente ideológicas, y analizar qué apropiaciones, vínculos y formas de ser en el mundo permitieron la convivencia de tan diversos grupos en un mismo espacio, su reproducción a lo largo del tiempo y sus conflictos internos. Este artículo pretende explorar los distintos rostros de la cultura política católica en el período de entreguerras, para rastrear aquellos aspectos que permiten hablar de identidades y disidencias.
Is there a Catholic political culture? Throughout the twentieth century the laity and the hierarchy were associated with different ideologies. We can find Catholic reformers in the government of Roque Saenz Pena (1910-1914), different kinds of nationalists in the thirties, anti-fascists during the Second World War, Catholic Peronists and anti-Peronists, and liberationist in the convulsed sixties and seventies. We must add to this conflictive picture, the relations established between religion and culture, i.e., the ways in which both areas were rejected and were attracted, adapted and fought. While hypotheses that have been postulated emphasizes the continuity of matrices of behavior -the integralism, the myth of the Catholic nation-, the concept of political culture is more relevant to overfly the strictly ideological boundaries, and analyze what appropriations, links and ways of being in the world allowed the coexistence of diverse groups in the same space, reproduction over time and internal conflicts. This article aims to explore the different faces of Catholic political culture in the interwar period, to track those aspects that allow to speak of identities and dissidence.
Is there a Catholic political culture? Throughout the twentieth century the laity and the hierarchy were associated with different ideologies. We can find Catholic reformers in the government of Roque Saenz Pena (1910-1914), different kinds of nationalists in the thirties, anti-fascists during the Second World War, Catholic Peronists and anti-Peronists, and liberationist in the convulsed sixties and seventies. We must add to this conflictive picture, the relations established between religion and culture, i.e., the ways in which both areas were rejected and were attracted, adapted and fought. While hypotheses that have been postulated emphasizes the continuity of matrices of behavior -the integralism, the myth of the Catholic nation-, the concept of political culture is more relevant to overfly the strictly ideological boundaries, and analyze what appropriations, links and ways of being in the world allowed the coexistence of diverse groups in the same space, reproduction over time and internal conflicts. This article aims to explore the different faces of Catholic political culture in the interwar period, to track those aspects that allow to speak of identities and dissidence.
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