Functional LP-SBA-15/tert-butylamine nanocarriers for loratadine: synthesis, characterization, and controlled release evaluation

Abstract

Purpose:The development of functional mesoporous carriers offers a promising strategy for enhancing the solubility and controlled release of poorly water-soluble drugs. This study aims to design and evaluate tert-butylamine-functionalized large-pore SBA-15 (LP-SBA-15) as an efficient carrier for loratadine (LORA).Methods:LP-SBA-15 was synthesized using a micelle-expanding agent and subsequently functionalized with TBA groups. Structural integrity and chemical modifications were confirmed through XRD, TEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis analyses. Nitrogen physisorption was used to assess textural changes after functionalization and drug loading. Drug loading content (DLC) and release profiles were determined spectrophotometrically, and release kinetics were modeled using Ritger–Peppas, Higuchi, and Weibull equations.Results:The mesostructure was preserved after modification, while surface area and pore volume decreased, confirming successful functionalization. Drug loading capacity increased markedly from 22.5% (LP-SBA-15) to 62.5% (LP-SBA-15-TBA). Release studies showed that unmodified LP-SBA-15 exhibited a rapid initial burst, whereas the TBA-functionalized material exhibited a gradual and sustained release. Kinetic fitting indicated a diffusion-controlled mechanism.Conclusion:LP-SBA-15-TBA proved to be a robust platform for loratadine delivery, combining high drug loading with sustained release. This strategy could improve therapeutic efficacy, reduce dosing frequency, and enhance patient compliance.