Que es y que no es segregación residencial. Contribuciones para un debate pendiente

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Fecha
06/2014
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Universitat de Barcelona
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Biblio 3w
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1138-9796
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Resumen
El concepto de segregación residencial permanece huérfano de una definición teórica precisa y significativa en ciencias sociales. Ante los recurrentes usos y abusos a los que se ve sometido el término y la ausencia de un debate serio sobre su significado bajo la hegemonía de un enfoque excesivamente descriptivo y espacialista heredado de la Ecología Humana de Chicago, el artículo invita a retomar algunos aportes previos en vistas a repensar críticamente y redefinir la segregación residencial desde una perspectiva del poder, tanto aquella que involucra grupos étnicos y raciales como socioeconómicos. Ello nos permitiría distinguir teóricamente aquello que es segregación residencial de aquello que no lo es. Principalmente se analiza cómo en la ciudad capitalista la renta del suelo es un mecanismo a través del cual los grupos de mayor poder económico segregan separando de sí a los de menor poder, en estrecha vinculación con las desigualdades económicas. Por último, se discute la falacia teórica implicada en el uso de términos como la llamada segregación voluntaria o autosegregación.
Residential segregation is a key concept which remains orphan of a precise and meaningful theoretical definition in social sciences. Confronting with repeated use and abuse to which the term has been condemned under the hegemony of an excessively spatialist and descriptive approach inherited from Chicagos´ Human Ecology school, and the absence of a serious debate about its meaning, the article invites to reconsider and discuss some earlier contributions in order to rethink and redefine residential segregation from a power point of view, either based on ethnic and racial or socioeconomic social divisions. This procedure will allow us to theoretically distinguish between what residential segregation is and what it is not. Mainly we analyze how urban ground rent in capitalist societies functions as a mechanism through which more powerful groups segregate the less powerful ones based on their economic inequalities and some cultural expectations. Lastly, we discuss the theoretic fallacy involved in the use of certain terms or expressions such as the miscalled voluntary or self segregation.
Residential segregation is a key concept which remains orphan of a precise and meaningful theoretical definition in social sciences. Confronting with repeated use and abuse to which the term has been condemned under the hegemony of an excessively spatialist and descriptive approach inherited from Chicagos´ Human Ecology school, and the absence of a serious debate about its meaning, the article invites to reconsider and discuss some earlier contributions in order to rethink and redefine residential segregation from a power point of view, either based on ethnic and racial or socioeconomic social divisions. This procedure will allow us to theoretically distinguish between what residential segregation is and what it is not. Mainly we analyze how urban ground rent in capitalist societies functions as a mechanism through which more powerful groups segregate the less powerful ones based on their economic inequalities and some cultural expectations. Lastly, we discuss the theoretic fallacy involved in the use of certain terms or expressions such as the miscalled voluntary or self segregation.
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