Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze

Abstract

Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze is an aromatic species from the Andean region, from southern Peru to northern-central Argentina. It is mainly known as muña-muña and its leaves and tender stems are used as a flavoring and medicinal: stimulant, against mountain sickness, aphrodisiac, digestive, antispasmodic, among others traditional uses. Its bioactive constituents are essential oils, to which the plant owes its aroma and many of its therapeutic properties. The presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds has also been detected. The essential oil composition of aerial organs is variable according to geographical location and ecological conditions, soil-type, weather-conditions and altitude of the population. Regarding its popular uses, the majority of uses has not been validate by pre-clinical tests, therefore they require experimental founding. Some of its biological activities, e.g.: aphrodisiac (in particular, erectile dysfunction), against some gastrointestinal disorders, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, trypanocidal, insect repellent, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities have already been analyzed. Some data about the similar species: C. bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze and C. odorun (Griseb.) Harley is additionally commented.