Zeolite Assemblages From Northern Patagonian Andes, Argentina: A Review
; Vattuone, Maria Elena
; Latorre, Carlos Oscar 
Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2011
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Geociencias
Revista
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1026-8774
eISSN
2007-2902
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Inglés
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Resumen
En esta contribución se compilan las paragénesis de bajo grado metamórfico que se hallaron en los Andes Patagónicos Septentrionales (Argentina). Sobre la base de estudios previos, se delimitaron numerosas localidades caracterizadas por la abundancia de zeolitas. De acuerdo con sus composiciones mineralógicas, sus texturas y sus estructuras se reconocen tres estadios diferentes de alteración que reflejan un progresivo decrecimiento de la temperatura. El primero de ellos fue consecuencia de un metamorfismo regional que alcanzó condiciones de esquistos verdes (350 °C y 2 kbar). Durante este evento, la alteración de fenocristales primarios de feldespatos, piroxenos y anfíboles produjo actinolita, grosularia-andradita, clorita, albita, prehnita, titanita, clinozoisita-epidoto y calcita. En los estadios sucesivos, se incrementa la precipitación directa de minerales a partir de soluciones hidrotermales a medida que la temperatura disminuye. Así, comenzaron a precipitar zeolitas, calcosilicatos, calcita, cuarzo y cristobalita rellenando cavidades. Durante un segundo evento, la temperatura descendió por debajo de 220 °C, ocasionando la cristalización de wairakita, yugawaralita, laumontita, pectolita, dachiardita, celadonita, thomsonita, pumpellyíta y estratificados de clorita/esmectita. Sólo en cantidades subordinadas se formaron prehnita, adularia, titanita y albita. Estos minerales alteran fenocristales de feldespato y rellenan vesículas en basaltos y andesitas. El último evento tuvo lugar cuando la temperatura descendió por debajo de 180 °C y se caracteriza por la cristalización tardía de minerales secundarios de baja temperatura dentro de cavidades. Durante este período precipitó el mayor número de zeolitas alcalinas, rellenando cavidades en metabaltos y granitoides. Si bien la estilbita-Ca es el mineral más abundante del tercer evento de alteración, también se encuentran analcima, natrolita, barrerita, offretita, chabazita, estellerita, heulandita, mordenita, escolecita, mesolita, cuarzo, calcita, cristobalita y esmectitas.
In this work very low-grade metamorphic assemblages found in the Northern Patagonian Andes (Argentina) are summarized. On the basis of previous studies, several occurrences of zeolites have been delimited. According to their mineralogy, textures and structures, three different alteration stages that evidence a progressive decrease in temperature have been established. The first one (stage I) was the consequence of an event of regional metamorphism that reached the greenschist facies (350 °C and 2 kbar). During this stage, pyroxene, amphibole and feldspar primary phenocrysts broke down to produce an assemblage of actinolite, grossular-andradite, chlorite, albite, prehnite, titanite, clinozoisite, epidote and calcite. In the subsequent stages, direct hydrothermal precipitation took place as the temperature decreased. Thus, zeolites, calc-silicates, calcite, quartz and cristobalite started to precipitate as cavity fillings. During stage II, temperature decreased below 220 °C and wairakite, yugawaralite, laumontite, pectolite, dachiardite, celadonite, thomsonite, pumpellyite and interstratified chlorite/smectite crystallized. Prehnite, adularia, titanite and albite were also deposited but only as minor species. These minerals mainly alter feldspar phenocrysts and fill amygdules of basalts and andesites. Stage III is characterized by a temperature drop (below 180 °C) and by the crystallization of hydrothermal secondary minerals within open spaces. Most of the alkaline zeolites were deposited during this last event of alteration, filling joints in metabasites and granitoids. Although Ca-stilbite is the most abundant alteration mineral, analcime, natrolite, barrerite, offretite, chabazite, stellerite, heulandite, mordenite, scolecite, mesolite, quartz, calcite, cristobalite and smectites were also produced.
In this work very low-grade metamorphic assemblages found in the Northern Patagonian Andes (Argentina) are summarized. On the basis of previous studies, several occurrences of zeolites have been delimited. According to their mineralogy, textures and structures, three different alteration stages that evidence a progressive decrease in temperature have been established. The first one (stage I) was the consequence of an event of regional metamorphism that reached the greenschist facies (350 °C and 2 kbar). During this stage, pyroxene, amphibole and feldspar primary phenocrysts broke down to produce an assemblage of actinolite, grossular-andradite, chlorite, albite, prehnite, titanite, clinozoisite, epidote and calcite. In the subsequent stages, direct hydrothermal precipitation took place as the temperature decreased. Thus, zeolites, calc-silicates, calcite, quartz and cristobalite started to precipitate as cavity fillings. During stage II, temperature decreased below 220 °C and wairakite, yugawaralite, laumontite, pectolite, dachiardite, celadonite, thomsonite, pumpellyite and interstratified chlorite/smectite crystallized. Prehnite, adularia, titanite and albite were also deposited but only as minor species. These minerals mainly alter feldspar phenocrysts and fill amygdules of basalts and andesites. Stage III is characterized by a temperature drop (below 180 °C) and by the crystallization of hydrothermal secondary minerals within open spaces. Most of the alkaline zeolites were deposited during this last event of alteration, filling joints in metabasites and granitoids. Although Ca-stilbite is the most abundant alteration mineral, analcime, natrolite, barrerite, offretite, chabazite, stellerite, heulandite, mordenite, scolecite, mesolite, quartz, calcite, cristobalite and smectites were also produced.
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