El problema de la soberanía en el pensamiento político contemporáneo: arqueo-genealogía y deconstrucción

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06/2024
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Universidad de Talca
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0716-498X
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0718-2376
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El concepto de soberanía ocupa un lugar central dentro de las problematizaciones de la política desarrolladas por la modernidad. En virtud de esa relevancia, es revisado críticamente desde ciertas vertientes del pensamiento político contemporáneo. Dichas revisiones se encargan de señalar complejidades, tensiones y aporías que le serían intrínsecas. Pero en algunos casos, estas aproximaciones dejan de lado la ambivalencia que muestra la noción de soberanía en su despliegue histórico, carácter que le permite legitimar enfrentamientos bélicos y estructuras colonialistas, pero también nutrir corrientes independentistas y movimientos de resistencia ante formas de opresión. El presente artículo se propone argumentar que, si bien no puede desconocerse que la reproducción ciega de la lógica de la soberanía acarrea grandes peligros, no menos peligroso resulta su rechazo in toto. Para ello se propone revisar los potenciales aportes de la arqueo-genealogía foucaultiana y de la deconstrucción derridiana al despliegue de una crítica de la soberanía que procure ponderar los riesgos que encierra no solo la apropiación acrítica de dicha noción sino, además, los que acarrea su debilitamiento.
The concept of sovereignty occupies a central place within the problematizations of politics developed by modernity. By virtue of this relevance, it is critically reviewed from certain perspectives of contemporary political thought. These reviews are responsible for pointing out complexities, tensions and aporias that would be intrinsic to it. But in some cases, these approaches leave aside the ambivalence shown by the notion of sovereignty in its historical display, a character that allows it to legitimize warfare and colonialist structures, but also to support independentist currents and resistance movements against forms of oppression. This article intends to argue that, although it cannot be ignored that the blind reproduction of the logic of sovereignty entails great dangers, its rejection in toto is no less dangerous. For this, it is proposed to review the potentials contributions of Foucault's archaeo-genealogy and Derrida's deconstruction to the deployment of a critique of sovereignty that seeks to consider the risks involved not only in the uncritical appropriation of said notion, but also those that its weakening entails.
The concept of sovereignty occupies a central place within the problematizations of politics developed by modernity. By virtue of this relevance, it is critically reviewed from certain perspectives of contemporary political thought. These reviews are responsible for pointing out complexities, tensions and aporias that would be intrinsic to it. But in some cases, these approaches leave aside the ambivalence shown by the notion of sovereignty in its historical display, a character that allows it to legitimize warfare and colonialist structures, but also to support independentist currents and resistance movements against forms of oppression. This article intends to argue that, although it cannot be ignored that the blind reproduction of the logic of sovereignty entails great dangers, its rejection in toto is no less dangerous. For this, it is proposed to review the potentials contributions of Foucault's archaeo-genealogy and Derrida's deconstruction to the deployment of a critique of sovereignty that seeks to consider the risks involved not only in the uncritical appropriation of said notion, but also those that its weakening entails.
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