Programa SONQO-CALCHAQUÍ 2022: Evaluación de variables cardiovasculares en una población Calchaquí de media y alta montaña de Tucumán

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Fecha
07/2024
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Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología
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Revista Argentina de Cardiología
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1850-3748
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Introducción: La comunidad de Quilmes (Tucumán) consta de 2400 habitantes de media y alta montaña (1800 a 4000 metros sobre el nivel del mar). En el año 2018 se realizó un estudio sobre su estado de salud cardiovascular (Programa SONQO-CALCHAQUÍ 2018). Objetivo: Actualizar y amplificar el relevamiento realizado en el año 2018, para obtener un panorama más completo de la salud cardiovascular de la comunidad. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la comunidad Quilmes, en personas que asistieron voluntariamente a consultorios especialmente establecidos, en el mes de septiembre de 2022. Se realizaron cuestionarios, dosajes de laboratorio, ECG, ecocardiograma, determinaciones antropométricas, y pruebas de resistencia y fuerza muscular. Resultados: Concurrieron 186 pobladores (119 mujeres y 67 varones) con edad 45,0±1,3 años. La prevalencia referida de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión 17,8 %, tabaquismo 14,1 %, diabetes 4,9 %, dislipidemia 30,6 %) fue aceptable, pero con alta proporción sin exámenes en el último año. La alimentación estaba constituida principalmente por derivados de harinas, con escasa fruta y verdura fresca. La prevalencia de sobrepeso (34,3 %) y obesidad (35,4 %) fue elevada. El 40 % de los encuestados tenía educación secundaria o superior. Se refirió buena calidad de vida (69,5±1,1 % del valor máximo posible de satisfacción en la escala de autopercepción). El Minimental Test arrojó un valor promedio de 15,7±0,2 puntos. La fuerza prensil en el 55,8 % de los casos estuvo por debajo del rango normal. Conclusiones: la población Quilmes presenta un estado físico aceptable, pero con alto índice de sobrepeso y obesidad, debido al régimen alimentario. Esta situación debería ser contemplada en los programas de salud futuros.
Background: The community of Quilmes (Tucumán) encompasses 2400 mid- and high mountain inhabitants (1800 to 4000 meters above sea level). In 2018, a study was carried out on their cardiovascular health status (2018 SONQO-CALCHAQUÍ Program). Objective: The aim of this study is to update and expand the survey carried out in 2018, to obtain a broader panorama of the cardiovascular health of this community. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Quilmes community, in people who voluntarily attended specially established clinics in September 2022. Questionnaires, laboratory tests, ECG, echocardiogram, anthropometric measurements, muscular resistance and strength tests were carried out. Results: A total of 186 patients (119 women and 67 men) aged 45.0±1.3 years attended the study. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension 17.8%, smoking 14.1%, diabetes 4.9% and dyslipidemia 30.6%) was acceptable, but a high proportion of cases had not been examined in the last year. The diet consisted mainly of flour products, with little fresh fruit and vegetables. The prevalence of overweight (34.3%) and obesity (35.4%) was high. Forty percent of respondents had secondary or higher education. Good quality of life (69.5±1.1% of the maximum possible value of satisfaction on the selfperception scale) was reported. The Minimental Test average was 15.7±0.2 points. Prehensile strength in 55.8% of cases was below the normal range. Conclusions: The Quilmes population presents an acceptable physical condition, but with a high rate of overweight and obesity, due to the diet, a condition that should be considered in future health programs.
Background: The community of Quilmes (Tucumán) encompasses 2400 mid- and high mountain inhabitants (1800 to 4000 meters above sea level). In 2018, a study was carried out on their cardiovascular health status (2018 SONQO-CALCHAQUÍ Program). Objective: The aim of this study is to update and expand the survey carried out in 2018, to obtain a broader panorama of the cardiovascular health of this community. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Quilmes community, in people who voluntarily attended specially established clinics in September 2022. Questionnaires, laboratory tests, ECG, echocardiogram, anthropometric measurements, muscular resistance and strength tests were carried out. Results: A total of 186 patients (119 women and 67 men) aged 45.0±1.3 years attended the study. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension 17.8%, smoking 14.1%, diabetes 4.9% and dyslipidemia 30.6%) was acceptable, but a high proportion of cases had not been examined in the last year. The diet consisted mainly of flour products, with little fresh fruit and vegetables. The prevalence of overweight (34.3%) and obesity (35.4%) was high. Forty percent of respondents had secondary or higher education. Good quality of life (69.5±1.1% of the maximum possible value of satisfaction on the selfperception scale) was reported. The Minimental Test average was 15.7±0.2 points. Prehensile strength in 55.8% of cases was below the normal range. Conclusions: The Quilmes population presents an acceptable physical condition, but with a high rate of overweight and obesity, due to the diet, a condition that should be considered in future health programs.
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