Democracia: Origen, concepto y evolución según Aristóteles

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Fecha
11/2010
Editorial
Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filosofía del Derecho
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Doxa (Alicante)
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0214-8676
eISSN
2386-4702
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Español
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Resumen
El propósito de este ensayo es examinar el origen y significado del término que designa el régimen, dêmokratía, y las instituciones que la formaron en su comienzo en la Grecia clásica. Examinaremos (1) el origen y el primitivo significado del término, luego pasaremos a reseñar (2) las instituciones de la democracia ateniense, tal como éstas fueron presentadas por Aristóteles o uno de sus discípulos en la Constitución de los atenienses; después examinaremos (3) la clasificación de las diversas clases de democracia en Aristóteles, siguiendo como él las expone en los libros centrales, iv-vi, de su Política; una vez establecidas las especies más importantes de ella, intentaremos exponer lo que a nuestro juicio son (4) los principios normativos de la democracia, de la república y de la oligarquía en Aristóteles. El examen de la concepción de la democracia y de su régimen alternativo por antonomasia, la oligarquía, no estaría completo sin estudiar (5) la sedición y el cambio violento de régimen, así como los factores de su estabilidad intrínseca. Para concluir, abordaremos la cuestión central que, de un modo u otro, Aristóteles dejó abierta a la posteridad: (6) ¿«democracia»: gobierno de las leyes o gobierno de la masa?
The aim of this essay is to study the origin and the meaning of the word dêmokratía, as well as of the regime referred to by it and its constituting institutions in Classical Greece. I will examine, first, (1) the origin and primitive meaning of the term. Then I will review (2) the institutions of Athenian democracy as they were expounded by Aristotle (or by one of his disciples) in The Athenian Constitution (Athenaion Politeia). Thirdly, (3) I will analyze the classification of the five species of democracy as found in Aristotle’s Politics, books iv-vi. Once I had stipulated the description of these species, (4) I will turn to the Aristotelian conception of the normative principles of democracy, republic and oligarchy. The study of the notion of democracy and its traditional alternative regime, oligarchy, would not be complete without (5) exploring the causes of sedition and instability, to which both these regimes are prone. Finally, (6) I will treat the question Aristotle left open for posterity: Is «democracy» the rule of law or the rule of the masses?
The aim of this essay is to study the origin and the meaning of the word dêmokratía, as well as of the regime referred to by it and its constituting institutions in Classical Greece. I will examine, first, (1) the origin and primitive meaning of the term. Then I will review (2) the institutions of Athenian democracy as they were expounded by Aristotle (or by one of his disciples) in The Athenian Constitution (Athenaion Politeia). Thirdly, (3) I will analyze the classification of the five species of democracy as found in Aristotle’s Politics, books iv-vi. Once I had stipulated the description of these species, (4) I will turn to the Aristotelian conception of the normative principles of democracy, republic and oligarchy. The study of the notion of democracy and its traditional alternative regime, oligarchy, would not be complete without (5) exploring the causes of sedition and instability, to which both these regimes are prone. Finally, (6) I will treat the question Aristotle left open for posterity: Is «democracy» the rule of law or the rule of the masses?
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