Supremacía blanca y eugenesia en Estados Unidos: ¿Una relación necesaria?

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Fecha
07/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Revista
Estudios Sociales
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ISSN
0327-4934
eISSN
2250-6950
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En Estados Unidos la supremacía blanca ha sido un importante factor de imposición por parte de los sectores hegemónicos, que instauraron la concepción de raza como un agente de control social ya que anula la solidaridad de clase. Como tal, implica que las clases blancas pobres acepten su situación subalterna a cambio de argüir una pertenencia identitaria a la «excepcional» raza anglosajona americana. Este excepcionalismo, como aspecto fundante de la identidad blanca estadounidense, posee una carga moral que, desde el siglo XIX, fue explicada por las ciencias que trataban la cuestión racial y hereditaria. Ante ellas surge un dilema al notar que existen personas blancas que no se adecuan al ideal, principalmente pobres, enfermos mentales y delincuentes. La eugenesia, surgida en 1883, fue un paradigma científico-social que instrumentó el excepcionalismo al plantear teorías y métodos purgantes dentro de la propia supremacía blanca.
In the United States, white supremacy has been an important factor of imposition by the hegemonic sectors, which established the conception of race as an agent of social control since it nullifies class solidarity. As such, it implies that the white poor classes accept their subaltern situation in exchange of having an identity belonging to the «exceptional» Anglo-Saxon American race. This exceptionalism, as a founding aspect of white American identity, has a moral component that, since the 19th century, was explained by the sciences that dealt with racial and hereditary issues. A dilemma arises before them when they notice that there are white people who do not fit the ideal, especially the poor, the mentally ill and the criminals. Eugenics, which emerged in 1883, was a social-scientific paradigm that implemented exceptionalism by proposing purgative theories and methods within white supremacy itself.
In the United States, white supremacy has been an important factor of imposition by the hegemonic sectors, which established the conception of race as an agent of social control since it nullifies class solidarity. As such, it implies that the white poor classes accept their subaltern situation in exchange of having an identity belonging to the «exceptional» Anglo-Saxon American race. This exceptionalism, as a founding aspect of white American identity, has a moral component that, since the 19th century, was explained by the sciences that dealt with racial and hereditary issues. A dilemma arises before them when they notice that there are white people who do not fit the ideal, especially the poor, the mentally ill and the criminals. Eugenics, which emerged in 1883, was a social-scientific paradigm that implemented exceptionalism by proposing purgative theories and methods within white supremacy itself.
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