Analysis of Inequalities in Access to Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Services for Indigenous Women in Three Latin American Countries

Abstract

Introduction: In Latin America, indigenous populations' access to sexual and reproductive health services is burdened by ideological neocolonial practices. Methods: Qualitative information was collected in three Latin American countries regarding barriers to sexual and reproductive healthcare access for indigenous populations. Three types of informants were interviewed: pregnant women, health care providers, and key actors. Results: In the three countries studied, we found some similarities in the social and cultural context of indigenous communities that represent the greatest barriers to guarantee their access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. The similarities revolve around three main themes: roots of inequalities, access to health services, and interculturality. Discussion: The determinants of indigenous women's access to public sexual and reproductive healthcare services in the three countries are articulated in a complex set of factors. Traditional beliefs about pregnancy, delivery care practices, and newborn care differ significantly from the biomedical perspective of healthcare workers. The latter can be understood as a historical mechanism of colonization and allows understanding the conflictive relationship of indigenous groups towards institutional care practices. Conclusion: The knowledge and beliefs of indigenous cultures bolster their own ways of understanding and caring for sexual and reproductive health and need to be respected to provide them with appropriate healthcare suited to their needs.