Características clínicas y riesgo de evolución desfavorable en infecciones respiratorias virales agudas en el primer año post trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Cohorte de 8 años pre COVID-19

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Fecha
10/2025
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Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia
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Revista Chilena de Infectología
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0716-1018
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0717-6341
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Introducción: Los receptores de trasplante de células progenitorashematopoyéticas (TCPH) son especialmente vulnerables a infeccionesrespiratorias virales agudas (IRVA), que pueden evolucionar desdecatarro de vía aérea superior (CVAS) hasta infección respiratoriaaguda baja (IRAB) y muerte. Objetivo: Identificar factores asociadosa evolución desfavorable en adultos con IRVA dentro del año post-TCPH. Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva en el Hospital Italiano deBuenos Aires (2011-2019). Se incluyeron todos los eventos con panelviral positivo por RPC. Los desenlaces fueron estado clínico (escalaWHO), progresión de CVAS a IRAB, ingreso a UCI y mortalidada 30 días. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística bivariados yordinales. Resultados: Se confirmaron 144 IRVA en 99 individuos.Al diagnóstico, 57% estaban hospitalizados y 21% ambulatorios conimpacto funcional; al día 7, 8,3% permanecían en UCI. El 53,5% sepresentó como CVAS, con 16,9% de progresión a IRAB. Un 16%requirió UCI, 11% soporte vital avanzado y la mortalidad a 30 díasfue 2,1%. Edad > 65 años, trasplante alogénico, irradiación corporaltotal, uso de corticosteroides, neutropenia o linfopenia se asociaroncon peor estado clínico. La progresión a IRAB fue mayor en mujeres,en eventos tempranos post-TCPH y en hospitalizados. Conclusión: Laidentificación de grupos de riesgo permite optimizar la prevención yel soporte en IRVA post-TCPH.
Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are particularly vulnerable to acute viral respiratory infections (VRI), which can progress from upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) and death. Aim: To identify factors associated with an unfavorable evolution in adults with acute VRI within one year after HSCT. Methods: A retrospective cohort at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (2011-2019). All events with positive viral panel by PCR were included. The outcomes were clinical status (WHO scale), progression from URTI to ALRI, admission to the ICU, and 30-day mortality. Bivariate and ordinal logistic regression models were applied. Results: 144 acute VRI were confirmed in 99 individuals. At diagnosis, 57% were hospitalized and 21% were outpatients with functional impairment; on day 7, 8.3% remained in the ICU. 53.5% presented as URTI, with 16.9% progression to ALRI. 16% required ICU care and 11% advanced life support. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.1%. Age > 65 years, allogeneic transplantation, total body irradiation, use of corticosteroids, neutropenia, or lymphopenia were associated with a worse clinical status. Progression to ALRI was higher in women, in early post-HSCT events, and in hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Identifying risk groups can optimize prevention and support in post-HSCT acute VRI.
Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are particularly vulnerable to acute viral respiratory infections (VRI), which can progress from upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) and death. Aim: To identify factors associated with an unfavorable evolution in adults with acute VRI within one year after HSCT. Methods: A retrospective cohort at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (2011-2019). All events with positive viral panel by PCR were included. The outcomes were clinical status (WHO scale), progression from URTI to ALRI, admission to the ICU, and 30-day mortality. Bivariate and ordinal logistic regression models were applied. Results: 144 acute VRI were confirmed in 99 individuals. At diagnosis, 57% were hospitalized and 21% were outpatients with functional impairment; on day 7, 8.3% remained in the ICU. 53.5% presented as URTI, with 16.9% progression to ALRI. 16% required ICU care and 11% advanced life support. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.1%. Age > 65 years, allogeneic transplantation, total body irradiation, use of corticosteroids, neutropenia, or lymphopenia were associated with a worse clinical status. Progression to ALRI was higher in women, in early post-HSCT events, and in hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Identifying risk groups can optimize prevention and support in post-HSCT acute VRI.
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