Linguagem e filosofía: A crítica da linguagem de F. Mauthner à luz do pirronismo

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Fecha
06/2025
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Universidade Federal de Sergipe
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O Manguezal
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2674-7278
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Portugués
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Fritz Mauthner (1849-1923) desenvolveu o projeto filosófico de uma crítica da linguagem, a qual concebia como um aprofundamento do criticismo iniciado por Kant. No entanto, através da análise da natureza da linguagem, Mauthner chega a conclusões céticas sobre a possibilidade de conhecer o mundo. A interpretação mais geral sustenta que a crítica mauthneriana consiste em um ceticismo epistemológico com consequências estritamente negativas, não só para a possibilidade de conhecimento, mas também para a viabilidade ou coerência do seu próprio projeto filosófico. A esse respeito, G. Weiller (1970) considera que esse tipo de ceticismo radical devém autodestrutivo (self-defeating), conduzindo a um misticismo. Dessa perspectiva, Mauthner se apresenta como um antifilosófo. Essa conclusão, no entanto, resulta imprecisa enquanto não incorpora elementos que permitam enriquecer e esclarecer o tipo de ceticismo que compreende seu projeto crítico-filosófico. Em particular, passam despercebidas as diferenças existentes entre o ceticismo epistemológico e o pirronismo. Através de uma discussão crítica que faça uso dessa interpretação, o objetivo desse artigo consiste em recuperar os elementos pirrônicos presentes na crítica da linguagem mauthneriana. Nossa hipótese é que esta recuperação permite uma compreensão mais clara do seu pensamento e habilita uma perspectiva filosoficamente consistente deste. A partir disso, tentaremos mostrar que o projeto crítico mauthrneriano pode ser compreendido como uma forma original de pirronismo.
Fritz Mauthner (1849-1923) developed his philosophical project of a critique of language, which he conceived as a deepening of the criticism initiated by Kant. However, through the analysis of the nature of language, Mauthner reaches skeptical conclusions about the possibility of knowing the world. The most widespread interpretation holds that Mauthnerian criticism consists of an epistemological skepticism with strictly negative consequences not only for the possibility of knowledge but also for the viability or coherence of his philosophical project. In this regard, G. Weiler (1970) considers that this type of radical skepticism becomes self-defeating, leading to mysticism. From his perspective, Mauthner presents himself as an anti-philosopher. This conclusion, however, is imprecise insofar as it does not incorporate elements that allow us to enrich and clarify the type of skepticism that comprises the critical-philosophical project. From his perspective, Mauthner presents himself as an anti-philosopher. This conclusion, however, is imprecise insofar as it does not incorporate elements that would enrich and clarify the type of skepticism that comprises the critical-philosophical project. In particular, it overlooks the differences between epistemological skepticism and Pyrrhonism. Through a critical discussion of this interpretation, the aim of this article is to recover the Pyrrhonian elements present in Mauthnerian language criticism. Our hypothesis is that this recovery allows a clearer understanding of his thought and enables a philosophically consistent perspective of it. From this, we will try to show that the Mauthnerian critical project can be understood as an original form of neopyrrhonism.
Fritz Mauthner (1849-1923) developed his philosophical project of a critique of language, which he conceived as a deepening of the criticism initiated by Kant. However, through the analysis of the nature of language, Mauthner reaches skeptical conclusions about the possibility of knowing the world. The most widespread interpretation holds that Mauthnerian criticism consists of an epistemological skepticism with strictly negative consequences not only for the possibility of knowledge but also for the viability or coherence of his philosophical project. In this regard, G. Weiler (1970) considers that this type of radical skepticism becomes self-defeating, leading to mysticism. From his perspective, Mauthner presents himself as an anti-philosopher. This conclusion, however, is imprecise insofar as it does not incorporate elements that allow us to enrich and clarify the type of skepticism that comprises the critical-philosophical project. From his perspective, Mauthner presents himself as an anti-philosopher. This conclusion, however, is imprecise insofar as it does not incorporate elements that would enrich and clarify the type of skepticism that comprises the critical-philosophical project. In particular, it overlooks the differences between epistemological skepticism and Pyrrhonism. Through a critical discussion of this interpretation, the aim of this article is to recover the Pyrrhonian elements present in Mauthnerian language criticism. Our hypothesis is that this recovery allows a clearer understanding of his thought and enables a philosophically consistent perspective of it. From this, we will try to show that the Mauthnerian critical project can be understood as an original form of neopyrrhonism.
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