¿Pueden los servicios intensivos en conocimiento ser un nuevo motor de crecimiento en América Latina?
; Ramos, Daniela Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2013
Editorial
Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia Desarrollo y Educación Superior
Revista
Revista iberoamericana de ciencia tecnología y sociedad
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1850-0013
eISSN
ISBN
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Español
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Resumen
En las últimas décadas el sector servicios no sólo ha seguido ganando peso en la estructura económica global, sino que ha sufrido transformaciones cualitativas profundas, entre las cuáles se destacan la emergencia y el crecimiento de un conjunto de actividades que se caracterizan por su alto nivel de innovación y su contribución al aumento de la productividad. Se trata de los llamados “servicios intensivos en conocimiento”, que agrupan a segmentos tan diversos como servicios contables y legales, arquitectura, audiovisuales, ingeniería, software, publicidad, investigación y desarrollo (I+D), o servicios de salud y educación, pero que comparten la característica de emplear intensivamente capital humano de alto nivel de calificación y de ser usuarias y productoras de información y conocimiento para prestar servicios a sus clientes. Alrededor de estos servicios, que son altamente transables, se han formado cadenas globales de valor, hecho que ha llevado a una activa competencia entre firmas y países para ingresar y escalar dentro de las mismas. Este artículo recoge evidencia respecto de la creciente relevancia de estos servicios en la economía mundial, analiza los determinantes de la competitividad en dichos sectores, y discute el actual rol y las potencialidades de América Latina en estos mercados, con el objetivo de derivar algunas lecciones de política para la región.
In the last decades, the service sector has not only increased their presence in the global economic scenario, but it also has suffered deep qualitative transformations, including the emergence and the rapid growth of a number of activities that are characterized by high innovative standards and their contribution to a considerable growth in productivity. We refer to the so called “knowledge intensive services”, which include activities as diverse as accounting and legal services, architecture, audiovisuals, engineering, software, advertising, research and development (R&D), health and education. All these activities share two main features: a) they require an intensive use of high skilled human resources; b) they use and produce information and knowledge to deliver services to their customers. Global value chains have been created in recent years around these activities, which are highly tradable, something that has led to an intense competition between firms and countries to participate and upgrade within those chains. This paper gathers evidence regarding the growing relevance of these services in the global economy. It also analyzes the determinants of competitiveness in those industries, discusses the role and perspectives of Latin America and finally suggests some policy lessons for our region.
In the last decades, the service sector has not only increased their presence in the global economic scenario, but it also has suffered deep qualitative transformations, including the emergence and the rapid growth of a number of activities that are characterized by high innovative standards and their contribution to a considerable growth in productivity. We refer to the so called “knowledge intensive services”, which include activities as diverse as accounting and legal services, architecture, audiovisuals, engineering, software, advertising, research and development (R&D), health and education. All these activities share two main features: a) they require an intensive use of high skilled human resources; b) they use and produce information and knowledge to deliver services to their customers. Global value chains have been created in recent years around these activities, which are highly tradable, something that has led to an intense competition between firms and countries to participate and upgrade within those chains. This paper gathers evidence regarding the growing relevance of these services in the global economy. It also analyzes the determinants of competitiveness in those industries, discusses the role and perspectives of Latin America and finally suggests some policy lessons for our region.
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