Levels of anti-B13 antibodies over time in a cohort of chronic infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Its relationship with specific treatment and clinical status

Abstract

The immunodominant B13 protein of Trypanosoma cruzi is found on the surface of trypomastigotes and exhibits cross-reactivity with the human cardiac myosin heavy chain; for which antibodies against this parasitic antigen may be involved in the development of disease pathology. In a cohort of chronically T. cruzi-infected adults, undergoing trypanocidal treatment, or not, we, therefore, decided to evaluate the levels of anti-B13 antibodies (ELISA-B13) and its eventual relationship with heart complaints. Two hundred twenty-eight serum samples from 76 chronically infected adults with an average follow-up of 24 years were analyzed. Thirty of them had received trypanocidal treatment. Among treated patients, anti-B13 Ab levels in successive samples showed a significant decrease in reactivity as the years after treatment increased (ANOVA test, p = 0.0049). At the end of the follow-up, 36.7% became non-reactive for ELISA B13. Untreated patients did not have significant variations in the level of anti-B13 antibodies during follow-up. None of the treated patients had electrocardiographic changes compatible with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, whereas 21.7% of those undergoing no treatment did show such kind of pathological electrocardiogram tracings. ELISA-B13 was reactive in all cases with heart involvement. Among untreated patients, there were no significant differences in anti-B13 antibodies when comparing individuals without proven pathology with those with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Although treatment with trypanocidal drugs was followed by decreased anti-B13 antibody levels, such assessment was unhelpful in differentiating the evolution of chronic chagasic heart disease.