La muerte del vicepresidente: epidemias y crisis en Buenos Aires (1867-1868)

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Fecha
12/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Revista
Avances del Cesor
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ISSN
1514-3899
eISSN
2422-6580
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Resumen
En el siguiente artículo analizaremos la dimensión ritual de los funerales y su vinculación con un evento muy presente durante todo el siglo XIX: la llegada y la diseminación de sucesivas epidemias de cólera. El argumento que sostenemos es que estas epidemias generaron crisis sociales profundas, afectando todas las esferas de la vida social. Este tipo de episodios traumáticos, generó un proceso doble conectado a los ritos mortuorios: por un lado trastocaron los rituales más usuales, y por otro, esto ocasionó que la sociedad porteña desplegara otros suplementarios para que los difuntos tuvieran sus funerales. Para ello, en un primer apartado presentaremos las prácticas fúnebres habituales en Buenos Aires, así como las características disruptivas del cólera. Asimismo, veremos que la sociedad porteña tenía un repertorio amplio y dúctil de prácticas fúnebres, y si bien ante la epidemia no pudo desarrollar aquellas más habituales, surgieron otras para paliar el cambio en el escenario por la crisis desatada. Pero además de alta mortalidad, estas epidemias acentuaron crisis políticas y tensiones sociales, que se dirimieron tanto durante la epidemia como inmediatamente después. Para ello, en un segundo apartado examinaremos la muerte del vicepresidente Marcos Paz, fallecido de cólera durante el verano de 1868. Postulamos que el Estado será un factor esencial en los homenajes a algunos muertos, sobre todo aquellos que le permitían reencauzar conflictos institucionales y/o políticos. De esta manera, nuestro argumento sostiene que los rituales fueron un elemento central para normalizar conflictos que excedían aquellos más evidentes.
In this article we will discuss the ritual dimension of funerals and its connection with an important event throughout the XIX century: the arrival and spread of cholera epidemics. The argument that we make is that epidemics caused deep social crises, affecting all spheres of social life. These traumatic events generated a double process regarding mortuary rites. On one hand, the most usual rituals were interrupted. On the other, Buenos Aires society developed supplementary rituals so that the deceased could have their funerals. The first section of this paper will present common funeral practices in Buenos Aires and the disruptive characteristics of cholera. We will see that Buenos Aires’s society had an wide and ductile repertoire of funeral practices, and though during the epidemics it would not be possible to let the most common ones happen, some others emerged to mitigate the change in the scenario unleashed by the crisis. The other process was that, in addition to demographic crises, epidemics accentuated political crises and social tensions, which were settled both during and immediately after the epidemics. To this end, a second section will examine the death of cholera of Vice President Marcos Paz during the summer of 1868. We postulate that the State was an essential factor in the tributes to some dead, especially those that allowed redirecting institutional and / or politic conflicts. Thus, our argument is that the rituals were a key element to normalize conflicts that exceeded the demographic crisis alone.
In this article we will discuss the ritual dimension of funerals and its connection with an important event throughout the XIX century: the arrival and spread of cholera epidemics. The argument that we make is that epidemics caused deep social crises, affecting all spheres of social life. These traumatic events generated a double process regarding mortuary rites. On one hand, the most usual rituals were interrupted. On the other, Buenos Aires society developed supplementary rituals so that the deceased could have their funerals. The first section of this paper will present common funeral practices in Buenos Aires and the disruptive characteristics of cholera. We will see that Buenos Aires’s society had an wide and ductile repertoire of funeral practices, and though during the epidemics it would not be possible to let the most common ones happen, some others emerged to mitigate the change in the scenario unleashed by the crisis. The other process was that, in addition to demographic crises, epidemics accentuated political crises and social tensions, which were settled both during and immediately after the epidemics. To this end, a second section will examine the death of cholera of Vice President Marcos Paz during the summer of 1868. We postulate that the State was an essential factor in the tributes to some dead, especially those that allowed redirecting institutional and / or politic conflicts. Thus, our argument is that the rituals were a key element to normalize conflicts that exceeded the demographic crisis alone.
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