Productividad comparada internacional: Revisión crítica y nueva agenda de investigación
; Terranova, Lucas 
Otros responsables
Fecha
02/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas. Departamento de Economía
Revista
Ensayos de Economía
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2619-6573
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Español
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Resumen
El objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar críticamente los debates en torno a la comparación de la productividad internacional. Para ello se ofrece un ordenamiento conceptual —ni cronológico, ni de autoría—, exponiendo perspectivas comunes, controversias, fortalezas y debilidades. El artículo se centra en examinar, en primer lugar, los debates teóricos y empíricos en torno a la convergencia de la productividad de los países (a nivel agregado) y a nivel de sectores o ramas. También, se discuten los desafíos metodológicos, como la medición de la productividad laboral y la productividad total de factores, así como los enfoques de frontera. En ambos casos se pone de relieve la necesidad de discutir las consecuencias de utilizar datos con baja granularidad y, en consecuencia, la necesidad de utilizar información cada vez más desagregada para evitar comparaciones erróneas. Finalmente, se destaca como enfoque alternativo el uso de las exportaciones para aproximar la productividad mediante el método de las ventajas comparativas reveladas. El hallazgo principal de la investigación radica en que las comparaciones de las productividades realizadas en los estudios revisados se sustentan en una base epistemológica débil, lo que compromete su justificación teórica, metodológica y empírica y, por lo tanto, sus resultados. Dicha conclusión conduce a plantear una nueva agenda de investigación.
This article aims to assess the debates surrounding the comparison of international productivity critically. To this end, a conceptual framework is offered -neither chronological nor by authorship- presenting common perspectives, controversies, strengths, and weaknesses. The paper examines, first, the theoretical and empirical debates surrounding the convergence of productivity among countries (at an aggregate level) and at the level of sectors/industries. It also discusses methodological challenges, such as the measurement of labor productivity and total factor productivity, as well as frontier approaches. In both cases, the need to discuss the consequences of using data with low granularity is highlighted, and consequently, the need to use increasingly disaggregated information to avoid erroneous comparisons. Finally, the use of exports is highlighted as an alternative approach to approximate productivity through the method of Revealed Comparative Advantages. The main finding of the research lies in the fact that the productivity comparisons made in the reviewed studies are based on a weak epistemological foundation, which undermines their theoretical, methodological, and empirical justification, and, therefore, their conclusions. These results lead to the proposal of a new research agenda.
This article aims to assess the debates surrounding the comparison of international productivity critically. To this end, a conceptual framework is offered -neither chronological nor by authorship- presenting common perspectives, controversies, strengths, and weaknesses. The paper examines, first, the theoretical and empirical debates surrounding the convergence of productivity among countries (at an aggregate level) and at the level of sectors/industries. It also discusses methodological challenges, such as the measurement of labor productivity and total factor productivity, as well as frontier approaches. In both cases, the need to discuss the consequences of using data with low granularity is highlighted, and consequently, the need to use increasingly disaggregated information to avoid erroneous comparisons. Finally, the use of exports is highlighted as an alternative approach to approximate productivity through the method of Revealed Comparative Advantages. The main finding of the research lies in the fact that the productivity comparisons made in the reviewed studies are based on a weak epistemological foundation, which undermines their theoretical, methodological, and empirical justification, and, therefore, their conclusions. These results lead to the proposal of a new research agenda.
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