Neoliberalismo, acumulación y políticas píblicas en China: Apuntes críticos sobre la construcción del sistema de pensiones

Otros responsables
Fecha
02/2010
Editorial
Red de Investigación Iberoamericana en Estudios de Asia Oriental
Revista
Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Asia Oriental
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1888-6566
eISSN
2340-3128
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Palabras clave
Resumen
Este trabajo pretende poner en relación a las actuales reformas al sistema jubilatorioI en curso en la República Popular China, con la agenda neoliberal impuesta por el Banco Mundial, centrada en dos principios fundamentales: la multipilaridadII y la ampliación de los mercados de capitales. Para ello, expone las recientes reformas, desarrolladas en el área desde 1986. En segundo lugar, reflexiona sobre los principios que alimentaron dichas reformas, proponiendo una interpretación que revela su relación con ciertos rasgos claves de la reforma económica. Al respecto, sostiene que las reformas al sistema jubilatorio presentan una contradicción, entre el objetivo declarado de construcción de una sociedad armoniosa y equilibrada, y el diseño multipilar seleccionado con asesoramiento del BM. Esta contradicción pudo ser sostenida gracias al apoyo del sistema en el “cuarto pilar” de asistencia familiar informal, permitida, a su vez, por las particularidades del proceso migratorio rural– urbano. Esto, sin embargo, puede acarrear nuevas tensiones.
This work aims to relate the current reforms to the pension system within the People’s Republic of China, with the neoliberal agenda imposed by the World Bank (WB), centred on multipillar pension system design and capital markets development as main principles. For this purpose, the article makes an account of recent reforms on pension system since 1986. Secondly, it discusses the inherent principles behind these reforms, proposing an interpretation which leads to the relationship between pension reform and Economic Reform as a whole. The article states the existence of a contradiction between the declared government objective toward the construction of a harmonious society, and multipillar design chosen on pension reform, with WB advice. This contradiction could have been sustained through 30 years, since multipillar design lies on informal and familial support for old age, as a “fourth pillar”. This, in turn, leads to consider rural–urban migratory process as one important key for explaining the vitality of such support. However, the persistence of such contradiction might lead to further tensions.
This work aims to relate the current reforms to the pension system within the People’s Republic of China, with the neoliberal agenda imposed by the World Bank (WB), centred on multipillar pension system design and capital markets development as main principles. For this purpose, the article makes an account of recent reforms on pension system since 1986. Secondly, it discusses the inherent principles behind these reforms, proposing an interpretation which leads to the relationship between pension reform and Economic Reform as a whole. The article states the existence of a contradiction between the declared government objective toward the construction of a harmonious society, and multipillar design chosen on pension reform, with WB advice. This contradiction could have been sustained through 30 years, since multipillar design lies on informal and familial support for old age, as a “fourth pillar”. This, in turn, leads to consider rural–urban migratory process as one important key for explaining the vitality of such support. However, the persistence of such contradiction might lead to further tensions.
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