Effects of disturbances generated by different management strategies on the vegetation strata of Nothofagus antarctica forests of Chubut, Argentina
; Casaux, Ricardo Jorge
; Szulkin Dolhatz, Daniel Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2015
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1667-782X
eISSN
0327-5477
ISBN
Idioma
Inglés
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Resumen
Nothofagus antarctica es una especie de los bosques Andino-Patagónicos, con una amplia distribución que se extiende desde el norte de Neuquén hasta Tierra del Fuego. Si bien los bosques de N. antartica son de gran importancia económica para la región, en la actualidad son muy afectados por actividades humanas como el pastoreo, la extracción de leña, la conversión en pastos y el reemplazo por plantaciones de coníferas. Estas actividades alteran la estructura original del bosque de N. antartica, lo cual afecta el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas en su conjunto y determina la pérdida de biodiversidad. Desde julio de 2008 a mayo de 2010, en el noroeste de Chubut, Patagonia, analizamos el efecto de las perturbaciones asociadas con distintas estrategias de manejo sobre la composición de especies y la estructura de los bosques de N. antartica. Los disturbios de los bosques de N. antartica considerados en este estudio se derivan de la extracción de leña por manchones y parquizado, la conversión de bosques en pasturas, los incendios ocurridos hace 15 y 25 años y, a modo de control, también se consideraron los bosques prístinos. La estructura, composición y diversidad de especies se diferenciaron entre bosques afectados por diversos disturbios. La mayor cobertura de los estratos arbóreos y arbustivos se observó en los sitios prístinos (PR), mientras que la mayor cobertura del estrato herbáceo se observó en los sitios convertidos en pasturas. El diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y el área basal (BA) de los individuos de N. antarctica fue mayor en los sitios afectados por la extracción de leña por parquizado (FWL) que por parche (FWP), mientras que la densidad (número de individuos) fue mayor en los sitios quemados hace 25 años (B25). La cobertura del dosel fue mayor en PR y FWL, en comparación con los restantes sitios de muestreo. Aunque se encontraron diferencias en riqueza entre los sitios de muestreo (fue mayor en los sitios sometidos a extracción de leña por manchones y parquizado [FWP y FWL]), no se encontraron diferencias de diversidad y dominancia entre sitios de muestreo. Nuestros resultados son comparados con los obtenidos en estudios previos en la Patagonia y resultan de importancia en la mejora en la gestión de los bosques de N. antarctica y su conservación.
Nothofagus antarctica is a species of the Andean-Patagonian forest with a wide distribution fromthe north of Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego. Although the N. antarctica forests are of great economic importancefor the region, they are intensely affected nowadays by human activities such as grazing, firewood extraction,conversion into pastures and the replacement by coniferous plantations. These activities produce changes in theN. antarctica forest, mainly by the alteration of its original structure affecting the performance of the ecosystemas a whole, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Since July 2008 up to May 2010 in the northwest of Chubut,Patagonia, we analyzed the effect of disturbances associated with different management strategies on speciescomposition and structure of N. antarctica forest. The disturbances on N. antarctica forest considered in thisstudy are derived from extraction of firewood by patches and landscapes, conversion of forests into pastures,forest fires occurred 15 and 25 years ago. Pristine forest was considered a control. The structure, compositionand species diversity differ between forests affected by different disturbances. The higher arboreal and shrubstratum cover was observed in pristine sites (PR) while the largest herbaceous cover was observed in sitesconverted into pasture. The diameter at breast height (DAP) and the basal area (BA) of individuals of N.antarctica was larger than in those sites affected by firewood extraction at the landscape scale (FWL) than at thepatch scale (FWP), while the density (number of individuals) was higher in the sites burned 25 years ago (B25).The canopy cover was higher in PR and FWL compared with those in the remaining sampling sites. Althoughsome differences were found in the richness among the sampling sites, being higher in firewood extraction bypatches and landscaped sites (FWP and FWL), there were no differences of diversity and dominance amongsampling sites. Our results are compared with those obtained in previous studies in Patagonia and are ofimportance in the improvement of the management of N. antarctica forest and its conservation.
Nothofagus antarctica is a species of the Andean-Patagonian forest with a wide distribution fromthe north of Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego. Although the N. antarctica forests are of great economic importancefor the region, they are intensely affected nowadays by human activities such as grazing, firewood extraction,conversion into pastures and the replacement by coniferous plantations. These activities produce changes in theN. antarctica forest, mainly by the alteration of its original structure affecting the performance of the ecosystemas a whole, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Since July 2008 up to May 2010 in the northwest of Chubut,Patagonia, we analyzed the effect of disturbances associated with different management strategies on speciescomposition and structure of N. antarctica forest. The disturbances on N. antarctica forest considered in thisstudy are derived from extraction of firewood by patches and landscapes, conversion of forests into pastures,forest fires occurred 15 and 25 years ago. Pristine forest was considered a control. The structure, compositionand species diversity differ between forests affected by different disturbances. The higher arboreal and shrubstratum cover was observed in pristine sites (PR) while the largest herbaceous cover was observed in sitesconverted into pasture. The diameter at breast height (DAP) and the basal area (BA) of individuals of N.antarctica was larger than in those sites affected by firewood extraction at the landscape scale (FWL) than at thepatch scale (FWP), while the density (number of individuals) was higher in the sites burned 25 years ago (B25).The canopy cover was higher in PR and FWL compared with those in the remaining sampling sites. Althoughsome differences were found in the richness among the sampling sites, being higher in firewood extraction bypatches and landscaped sites (FWP and FWL), there were no differences of diversity and dominance amongsampling sites. Our results are compared with those obtained in previous studies in Patagonia and are ofimportance in the improvement of the management of N. antarctica forest and its conservation.
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