Migration et parenté: Processus de reconfiguration territoriale chez les autochtones qoms de la ville de La Plata, en Argentine

Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2011
Editorial
Université de Montréal
Revista
Recherches Amerindiennes Au Quebec
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Institución organizadora
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0318-4137
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Idioma
Francés
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Resumen
El término qom es la forma en que se autodenomina el pueblo indígena conocido como toba. Pueblo que habitaba, antes del despojo generado por la conquista, la colonización y la expansión de los Estado-nación del Cono Sur, la región geográfica conocida como Gran Chaco. Las migraciones, una de las tantas respuestas/resistencias de este pueblo ante el avance del blanco, implicaron profundas reformulaciones existenciales, complejos procesos de transfiguración étnica, redefinición y/o reafirmación identitaria que, en muchos casos, se expresan en espacios urbanos rediseñados en términos étnicos. Un estudio etnográfico centrado en los “barrios toba” conformados en las periferias de grandes ciudades permite analizar dichos espacios en términos de redes sociales de expresión territorial, comprender lo local en relación a lo translocal y dar cuenta de la complejidad que implican las nuevas territorialidades y formas organizativas derivadas del acceso al suelo urbano por parte de población indígena migrante.
Dans cet article, nous analysons la reconfiguration territoriale entrainee par la migration de familles autochtones qoms (anciennement appeles Tobas) en milieu urbain; processus dont un des effets les plus importants est de rendre possible des revendications territoriales sur des quartiers periurbains physiquement eloignes des territoires traditionnels de ce peuple.
The term Qom is the way the indigenous people known as Toba refer to themselves. They were a people who were living before the devastation generated by the conquest, with the settling and expansion of the nation state into the Southern Cone, the geographical region known as Gran Chaco. Migrations were one of numerous responses and/or resistance of the people in the face of white settlement. These processes involved profound existential changes, complex processes of ethnic redefinition and/or reaffirmation of identity that, in many cases, were expressed in urban spaces, redesigned in ethnic terms. An ethnographic study of the “Toba neighbourhoods” found at the edge of large cities permits an analysis of these spaces in relation to the territorial expression of social networks. It clarifies what is local and accounts for the complexity involved in new forms of organization and territoriality, resulting from access to urban land by indigenous migrants.
Dans cet article, nous analysons la reconfiguration territoriale entrainee par la migration de familles autochtones qoms (anciennement appeles Tobas) en milieu urbain; processus dont un des effets les plus importants est de rendre possible des revendications territoriales sur des quartiers periurbains physiquement eloignes des territoires traditionnels de ce peuple.
The term Qom is the way the indigenous people known as Toba refer to themselves. They were a people who were living before the devastation generated by the conquest, with the settling and expansion of the nation state into the Southern Cone, the geographical region known as Gran Chaco. Migrations were one of numerous responses and/or resistance of the people in the face of white settlement. These processes involved profound existential changes, complex processes of ethnic redefinition and/or reaffirmation of identity that, in many cases, were expressed in urban spaces, redesigned in ethnic terms. An ethnographic study of the “Toba neighbourhoods” found at the edge of large cities permits an analysis of these spaces in relation to the territorial expression of social networks. It clarifies what is local and accounts for the complexity involved in new forms of organization and territoriality, resulting from access to urban land by indigenous migrants.
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