Variaciones en método de síntesis de UiO-66-NH2 para esterificación catalítica del ácido levulínico
; Heredia, Angélica Constanza ; Crivello, Mónica Elsie
; Rodríguez Castellón, Enrique 
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2021-09-03
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Revista Tecnología y Ciencia
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1666-6933
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La creciente tendencia al reemplazo parcial de los combustibles derivados del petróleo por aquellos provenientes de la revalorización de biomasa ha tomado recientemente gran importancia. Es por ello que el presente trabajo propone la obtención de ésteres levulínicos mediante una reacción catalítica de esterificación del ácido levulínico, molécula plataforma, con diferentes alcoholes. Para ello se han sintetizado materiales tipo MOFs (UiO-66-NH2), constituidos por circonio como fuente metálica y ácido aminotereftálico como agente liganteorgánico. Se presenta una alternativa de síntesis mediante agitación por vía ultrasónicaa temperatura de 60 ºC. Además se varía el tiempo de síntesis en autoclave de 24, 18,12 y 6 hs. La finalidad fue lograr una síntesis en condiciones más amigables con el medioambiente y mejorar las propiedades estructurales de los catalizadores. Estos se analizaronmediante difracción de rayos X, espectroscopía infrarroja, microscopía electrónica de barrido,espectroscopia de emisión atómica de plasma de microondas, isotermas de adsorciónde N2 y espectrometría de fotoelectrones inducidos por rayos X. El progreso de la reaccióncatalítica fue seguido por cromatografía gaseosa y espectroscopía de masas. Se optimizaronparámetros como la temperatura de reacción, la masa de catalizador y la relación molar dereactivos, buscando mejorar el rendimiento catalítico. Para todos los esteres levulínicos, elMOF que presentó la mayor actividad y selectividad al producto deseado fue el obtenido conun tiempo de síntesis de 6hs, con un rendimiento de 77,54 % a levulinato de metilo, 34,58 %a levulinato de etilo y 31,41 % a levulinato de butilo.
The growing trend towards partial replacement of fuels derived from petroleum by those coming from the appreciation of biomass has recently taken on great importance. That is why the present work proposes obtaining levulinic esters by means of a catalytic reaction of esterification of levulinic acid, platform molecule, with different alcohols. For this, MOFs (UiO-66-NH2) type materials have been synthesized, consisting of zirconium as a metal source and aminoterephthalic acid as an organic binding agent. An alternative synthesis is presented by ultrasonic stirring at a temperature of 60 ºC. In addition, the synthesis time in autoclave is varied from 24, 18, 12 and 6 hours. The purpose was to achieve a synthesis in more environmentally friendly conditions and to improve the structural properties of the catalysts. These were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherms, and X-ray induced photoelectron spectrometry. The progress of the catalytic reaction was followed by chromatography gas and mass spectroscopy. Parameters such as reaction temperature, catalyst mass and molar ratio of reactants were optimized, seeking to improve catalytic performance. For all levulinic esters, the MOF that presented the highest activity and selectivity to the desired product was obtained with a synthesis time of 6 hours, with a yield of 77.54% to methyl levulinate, 34.58% to ethyl levulinate and 31.41% to butyl levulinate.
The growing trend towards partial replacement of fuels derived from petroleum by those coming from the appreciation of biomass has recently taken on great importance. That is why the present work proposes obtaining levulinic esters by means of a catalytic reaction of esterification of levulinic acid, platform molecule, with different alcohols. For this, MOFs (UiO-66-NH2) type materials have been synthesized, consisting of zirconium as a metal source and aminoterephthalic acid as an organic binding agent. An alternative synthesis is presented by ultrasonic stirring at a temperature of 60 ºC. In addition, the synthesis time in autoclave is varied from 24, 18, 12 and 6 hours. The purpose was to achieve a synthesis in more environmentally friendly conditions and to improve the structural properties of the catalysts. These were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherms, and X-ray induced photoelectron spectrometry. The progress of the catalytic reaction was followed by chromatography gas and mass spectroscopy. Parameters such as reaction temperature, catalyst mass and molar ratio of reactants were optimized, seeking to improve catalytic performance. For all levulinic esters, the MOF that presented the highest activity and selectivity to the desired product was obtained with a synthesis time of 6 hours, with a yield of 77.54% to methyl levulinate, 34.58% to ethyl levulinate and 31.41% to butyl levulinate.
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