Deficiencia de hierro en mujeres embarazadas y sus recién nacidos
; Martin, Beatriz Lilia
; Torrejón, Irma del Rosario ; Miranda, Carmen E. ; Sodero, Susana Otros responsables
Fecha
04/2001
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría
Revista
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría
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0325-0075
eISSN
1668-3501
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Español
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Introducción. La anemia ferropénica en embarazadas es frecuente y hemoglobinas (Hb) menores de 11 g%, se diagnostican como anemia. Indicadores como: ferritina sérica (Ferr) y saturación de transferrina (Sat%) miden reservas de hierro. Objetivos. Detectar anemia o deficiencia de hierro en embarazadas y recién nacidos (RN), correlacionar sus reservas de hierro, con el propósito de un oportuno diagnóstico y suplementación. Población. Se estudiaron 52 embarazadas normales de término y sus recién nacidos. Material y métodos. Se analizaron: hemoglobina (Hb), hierro sérico (Fe) y capacidad total de transporte de hierro por la transferrina (TIBC) por métodos colorimétricos y ferritina (Ferr) analizada por radioinmunoensayo (IRMA). El porcentaje de saturación surge de la relación Fe/TIBC. Se diagnosticó como anemia (valor ajustado a 1.200 m sobre el nivel del mar): Hb< 12,2 g% en madres y Hb< 16,8 g% en neonatos. Para el hierro, los puntos de corte fueron: para saturación<15% y Ferr< 15 ng/ml. Se denominó “deficiencia severa de hierro”, cuando Sat% y Ferr estaban por debajo del punto de corte y “deficiencia moderada”, al valor de Ferr< 15 o Sat%< 15. Resultados. El 67% de las madres tenía anemia: 57% deficiencia severa, 29% deficiencia moderada y 14%, no ferropénica. Del 33% de madres no anémicas, 24% tenían deficiencia severa (anemia latente) y 76%, deficiencia moderada. El 46% de neonatos tenía anemia. La deficiencia de hierro fue moderada: 4% en anémicos y 11% en no anémicos. Conclusiones. La anemia en embarazadas estudiadas es frecuente (67%), presentando el 14% de ellas anemia no ferropénica. El 100% de madres no anémicas presentaba deficiencia de hierro. El 46% de los neonatos tenía anemia pero sus reservas de hierro eran adecuadas en la mayoría.
Introduction. Ferropenic anemia with hemoglobin values below 11 g% is frequently found during pregnancy. Iron storage was measured by means of indicators such as serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Objective. Early anemia detection and/or iron deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns. Correlation between iron storage in both, leading to early diagnosis and prevention. Material & methods. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (Fe), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined by the colorimetric method. The saturation percentage was obtained through the relationship between Fe/TIBC. Ferritin (Ferr) was measured with an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Cut-offs for abnormal values of hemoglobin (adjusted to 1.200 m above sea level) were <12.2 g% for the mothers and <16.8% for the newborns. Cut-offs for ferritin values were 15 ng/ml and 15% for transferrin saturation values. Anemia was severe when both of these parameters of iron status were below normality and moderate when only one of them was below normal. Results. Anemic values were present in 67% of mothers. Fifty seven percent of them were severe, whereas 29% were moderate. In 14% the anemia was non-iron related. In the non anemic group (47%), 24% had a severe iron deficiency (latent anemia) and in 76% it was moderate. Forty seven per cent of the newborn were anemic. The iron deficiency was moderate in 4% of the anemic children, and in 11% of the non-anemic ones. Conclusion. An anemic condition was found in 67% of the pregnant women included in this study. Only in 14% the anemia was not related to a ferropenic condition. All the non-anemic mothers proved to be iron deficient. Forty six per cent of the neonates had anemia though their Fe reserves were adequate in most of them.
Introduction. Ferropenic anemia with hemoglobin values below 11 g% is frequently found during pregnancy. Iron storage was measured by means of indicators such as serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Objective. Early anemia detection and/or iron deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns. Correlation between iron storage in both, leading to early diagnosis and prevention. Material & methods. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (Fe), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined by the colorimetric method. The saturation percentage was obtained through the relationship between Fe/TIBC. Ferritin (Ferr) was measured with an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Cut-offs for abnormal values of hemoglobin (adjusted to 1.200 m above sea level) were <12.2 g% for the mothers and <16.8% for the newborns. Cut-offs for ferritin values were 15 ng/ml and 15% for transferrin saturation values. Anemia was severe when both of these parameters of iron status were below normality and moderate when only one of them was below normal. Results. Anemic values were present in 67% of mothers. Fifty seven percent of them were severe, whereas 29% were moderate. In 14% the anemia was non-iron related. In the non anemic group (47%), 24% had a severe iron deficiency (latent anemia) and in 76% it was moderate. Forty seven per cent of the newborn were anemic. The iron deficiency was moderate in 4% of the anemic children, and in 11% of the non-anemic ones. Conclusion. An anemic condition was found in 67% of the pregnant women included in this study. Only in 14% the anemia was not related to a ferropenic condition. All the non-anemic mothers proved to be iron deficient. Forty six per cent of the neonates had anemia though their Fe reserves were adequate in most of them.
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