El derecho a la educación superior en América Latina: avances en su reconocimiento y desafíos

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Fecha
09/2025
Editorial
Instituto Internacional para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe
Revista
Educacion Superior y Sociedad
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0798-1228
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Español
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Resumen
En América Latina, el proceso de masificación de la educación superior convive con persistentes desigualdades en el acceso y la permanencia. Este artículo aborda esta problemática desde una perspectiva de derechos, entendiendo el acceso a la universidad como un derecho humano fundamental que debe ser garantizado por el Estado, y no como un privilegio individual. La investigación adopta un enfoque cualitativo, basado en la recopilación y análisis documental de la legislación educativa vigente en cada país de la región, complementado con documentos internacionales relevantes. El estudio permite trazar un mapa regional que revela una notable heterogeneidad normativa. Mientras algunos países reconocen explícitamente el derecho a la educación superior en sus constituciones o leyes específicas del nivel, en otros solo se alude genéricamente al derecho a la educación. Asimismo, la gratuidad no está garantizada en todos los casos: en varios países es parcial y, en otros, el financiamiento depende del estudiantado. Las políticas de inclusión también presentan distintos niveles de desarrollo y cobertura. Los hallazgos evidencian que, pese a los avances normativos, el derecho a la educación superior continúa siendo una promesa inconclusa para amplios sectores de la población. La garantía efectiva de este derecho enfrenta desafíos estructurales, vinculados tanto a la desigualdad socioeconómica como a la debilidad de los mecanismos estatales de inclusión y financiamiento.
In Latin America, the process of massification of higher education coexists with persistent inequalities in access and retention. This article addresses this issue from a rights-based perspective, understanding access to university as a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed by the State, and not as an individual privilege. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on the compilation and documentary analysis of the educational legislation in force in each country in the region, complemented by relevant international documents. The study allows for the creation of a regional map that reveals notable regulatory heterogeneity. While some countries explicitly recognize the right to higher education in their constitutions or level-specific laws, others only refer to the right to education generically. Furthermore, free tuition is not guaranteed in all cases: in several countries, it is partial, and in others, funding depends on the student body. Inclusion policies also vary in their levels of development and coverage. The findings show that, despite regulatory advances, the right to higher education remains an unfulfilled promise for large segments of the population. The effective guarantee of this right faces structural challenges, linked both to socioeconomic inequality and the weakness of state mechanisms for inclusion and financing.
In Latin America, the process of massification of higher education coexists with persistent inequalities in access and retention. This article addresses this issue from a rights-based perspective, understanding access to university as a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed by the State, and not as an individual privilege. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on the compilation and documentary analysis of the educational legislation in force in each country in the region, complemented by relevant international documents. The study allows for the creation of a regional map that reveals notable regulatory heterogeneity. While some countries explicitly recognize the right to higher education in their constitutions or level-specific laws, others only refer to the right to education generically. Furthermore, free tuition is not guaranteed in all cases: in several countries, it is partial, and in others, funding depends on the student body. Inclusion policies also vary in their levels of development and coverage. The findings show that, despite regulatory advances, the right to higher education remains an unfulfilled promise for large segments of the population. The effective guarantee of this right faces structural challenges, linked both to socioeconomic inequality and the weakness of state mechanisms for inclusion and financing.
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