Fingimiento y ficción en la narrativa argentina sobre los años 70

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Fecha
12/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Revista
El taco en la brea
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2362-5813
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El fingimiento es un tema central de la narrativa argentina sobre los años 70, vinculado a las dobles identidades que asumieron los miembros de organizaciones revolucionarias clandestinas, por un lado, y a la simulación de la colaboración a la que recurrieron para sobrevivir ciertos militantes detenidos durante la dictadura, por otro. Pero, además, el fingimiento es la forma que cobra cierta literatura sobre los 70, en la que la tematización de la simulación como modo de vida, dentro y fuera del cautiverio, se realiza mediante procedimientos narrativos característicos del discurso ficcional. En efecto, la ficción implica un tipo particular de fingimiento. El presente artículo orienta sus reflexiones en esa línea. En primer lugar, introducimos la cuestión de las relaciones entre fingimiento y ficción, subrayando la oscilación semántica entre engaño y creación imaginativa, que históricamente ha rodeado al concepto de ficción. En segundo lugar, analizamos tres textos que tematizan el fingimiento como práctica cotidiana y hasta vital en los años 70: Los compañeros (Rolo Diez), La Voluntad (Eduardo Anguita y Martín Caparrós) y Pequeños combatientes (Raquel Robles). Al recrear el proceso de la década de 1970 como una gran «ficción» sostenida por sus protagonistas, estos textos intervienen en los dilemas y debates de posdictadura, exponiendo la complejidad de las subjetividades políticas que participaron de aquella experiencia.
Pretense is an important theme in Argentine narrative about the 70s. On one hand, it is related to double identities which were assumed by members of clandestine revolutionary organizations; on the other hand, it is linked to the simulated collaboration as a strategy of survival adopted by some activists who were prisoners during the dictatorship. Moreover, pretense gives shape to certain literature about the 70s in which simulation as a way of life, in and outside captivity, is represented by means of narrative procedures which are characteristic of fictional discourse. In fact, fiction implies a particular type of pretense. In such sense, this paper firstly poses the question of relations between pretense and fiction, emphasizing the semantic ambiguity between deception and imaginative creation, which has historically surrounded the concept of fiction. Secondly, we analyze three texts which present pretense as an everyday and even vital practice during the 70s: Los compañeros (Rolo Diez), La Voluntad (Eduardo Anguita y Martín Caparrós) and Pequeños combatientes (Raquel Robles). These texts recreate the 1970 decade process as a great «fiction» held by its protagonists. They take part in post-dictatorship dilemmas and debates, showing the complexity of political subjectivities which participated in such experience.
Pretense is an important theme in Argentine narrative about the 70s. On one hand, it is related to double identities which were assumed by members of clandestine revolutionary organizations; on the other hand, it is linked to the simulated collaboration as a strategy of survival adopted by some activists who were prisoners during the dictatorship. Moreover, pretense gives shape to certain literature about the 70s in which simulation as a way of life, in and outside captivity, is represented by means of narrative procedures which are characteristic of fictional discourse. In fact, fiction implies a particular type of pretense. In such sense, this paper firstly poses the question of relations between pretense and fiction, emphasizing the semantic ambiguity between deception and imaginative creation, which has historically surrounded the concept of fiction. Secondly, we analyze three texts which present pretense as an everyday and even vital practice during the 70s: Los compañeros (Rolo Diez), La Voluntad (Eduardo Anguita y Martín Caparrós) and Pequeños combatientes (Raquel Robles). These texts recreate the 1970 decade process as a great «fiction» held by its protagonists. They take part in post-dictatorship dilemmas and debates, showing the complexity of political subjectivities which participated in such experience.
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